WASHINGTON, D.C.—Within the next month, the FAA will release a final rule outlining pilot certification and initial operations for electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) air taxis and other powered-lift aircraft, a U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) official said Thursday.

At Honeywell’s third annual Advanced Ait Mobility (AAM) Summit in Washington, D.C., Christopher Coes, acting undersecretary of transportation for policy within the DOT, said a highly anticipated special federal aviation regulation (SFAR) defining the rules will be published in the next few weeks.

“The department has a final rule for our powered-lift operations, and we expect that that will be published in the next month,” Coes said. “And I think you will see it is quite responsive to the industry’s comments.”

Industry Raises Concerns

The FAA published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) for the powered-lift SFAR in June 2023. The rule would set alternative training and eligibility requirements for certifying powered-lift pilots as well as create operational rules for passenger and cargo transport.

But the document was decried by a collective of stakeholders, spearheaded by the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA), who took issue with many of the agency’s proposals.

Namely, industry groups believe powered-lift training courses should credit existing rotorcraft and airplane category certificates, and pilots should be able to add a powered-lift rating directly to those permissions. They urged the FAA to lower the threshold for powered-lift flight hours, remove a requirement that limits training to dual control aircraft, and allow more training in simulators.

The groups also argue that performance-based—rather than prescriptive—rules should be used for powered-lift flight, such as by applying airplane and rotorcraft rules as appropriate rather than creating a new category of operations.

Kristie Greco Johnson, senior vice president of government affairs for the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA), said Thursday that members are seeking a “practical pathway” to AAM integration. And the SFAR could be that pathway.

“AAM isn’t a future Jetsons concept,” Johnson said. “It is actually happening right now in our airspace.”

Amanda Joyner, managing director of government affairs for GAMA, agreed with Johnson and said members are hopeful that the SFAR will help them to get their products on the market quickly. Eventually, investment into AAM manufacturers will dry up if the firms are unable to demonstrate a product, so a final rule could help them begin to turn a profit.

What It Means

The deadline for a powered-lift SFAR is December 16, as mandated by the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 signed into law on May 16—a provision that was lauded by industry organizations, private companies, and lawmakers alike.

The FAA earlier this week missed the bill’s September 16 deadline to issue a NPRM for beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) drone flight. But Andrew Miller, a staffer on the Senate Commerce Minority Committee, and Alexander Simpson, a staffer on that chamber’s majority counterpart, said they are confident the FAA will meet the SFAR timeframe. Hunter Presti, a staffer on the House Majority Transportation Committee, is optimistic but believes it will be tight.

According to Simpson, should the agency miss its deadline, existing standards and regulations for rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft would apply to powered-lift models.

Coes said his office is simultaneously developing a U.S. national strategy to safely integrate AAM operations alongside conventional aircraft. That plan has been in the works for over a year and is under department review.

The initiative will require an interagency review and final briefing to Congress, “but I am confident that this will be a set of documents that can be championed by the industry, by academia, by labor, our state and local partners, as well as Congress,” Coes said.

Coes added that his team is working with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s AAM study group to harmonize international consensus on AAM standards, practices, and procedures. The goal, he said, is to ensure the U.S. takes the reins on those provisions.

Conference attendees including Coes hope the FAA and other federal agencies will be able to use the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 2028 as a showcase for AAM technology. The event could also serve as a proving ground for the integration of AAM aircraft with other transportation systems.

In support of that effort, the FAA last year released its Innovate28 blueprint for air taxi integration. Earlier this year, the agency proposed comprehensive certification criteria for AAM aircraft, laying the groundwork to get them approved to fly.

But there is still a long way to go, and the powered-lift SFAR—whenever it is released—will be a key part of the process.

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Concertgoers waited quietly in the eerie light of an LED message that read “SHOW PAUSE. PLEASE, STAND BY FOR DETAILS” as the band’s security team bid good riddance to a rogue drone that had interrupted the performance, flying over the stadium with a capacity of more than 40,000.

Fortunately, the band was able to pick up where it left off after being rushed off stage mid-song, according to crowd members, and the rest of the show went on as planned.

“Detroit! Sorry for the delay in the show tonight,” Green Day said in a now-deleted post on X. “Stadium security had us clear the stage while they dealt with a potential safety issue. [Detroit police] quickly resolved the situation, and we were able to continue. Thanks for understanding.”

Detroit police quickly located and detained the drone pilot before passing the investigation along to the FAA, which has fielded a number of similar inquiries pertaining to drone incursions at sporting events in recent years.

Under the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024, drone pilots who endanger other aircraft or people on the ground face penalties up to $75,000 per violation. The agency can also revoke or suspend remote pilot certificates but does not have criminal prosecution authority.

“The FAA investigates all reports of potentially hazardous drone operations,” an FAA spokesperson told FLYING.

Per the Detroit Free Press, drones are permitted to fly over large gatherings in downtown Detroit, such as parades or festivals, but only with authorization from a regional FAA office.

The aircraft are not uncommon at concerts and are often used by promotional teams to capture both bird’s-eye views and close-ups of the crowd. They’ve even been used to capture sweeping footage of pop star Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour—the highest-grossing concert tour of all time, which frequently features sold-out crowds with tens of thousands of fans.

But when an unauthorized drone enters the vicinity, there is no way to tell whether it is toting a camera or something more dangerous—like a weapon. The aircraft themselves can even pose a threat. In 2019, for example, a drone lost its datalink connection, plummeted 8,000 feet, and crashed in a field near a festival in the U.K. attended by tens of thousands of people.

To prevent incidents at sporting events, the FAA uses the temporary flight restriction created for stadiums and other large venues following 9/11. The TFR makes it illegal to fly drones at or below 3,000 feet above ground level within 3 nm of any stadium that seats 30,000 or more. 

These restrictions include NFL, MLB, NCAA, and NASCAR competitions and extend to one hour before and after events. In the case of high-profile events such as the Super Bowl, they can span several days and locations. For those competitions, the FBI and Department of Homeland Security—which are the only entities legally allowed to jam or take down rogue drones—are typically on standby to assist.

Notice to Air Missions (NOTAMs) are issued to alert airspace users of the TFR. Certain drone operators—typically public safety agencies, first responders, and organizations such as media, per the FAA—can apply to fly within it but must be authorized.

While the FAA rules create an enforcement mechanism for rogue drone pilots, they do not always prevent disruptions.

Last year, for instance, a drone forced a stoppage during a game between the Cincinnati Bengals and Baltimore Ravens not once, but twice. Just as Green Day’s security team rushed the band backstage, NFL officials will halt play and send the players to the sidelines whenever a rogue drone is spotted.

According to Cathy Lanier, NFL chief of security and former Washington, D.C., chief of police, there were about 2,500 drone incursions in and around NFL stadiums during the 2022 season. That’s nearly double the number of incidents a season prior.

The problem has gotten so severe that lawmakers have introduced legislation—backed by the NFL, MLB, NCAA, and NASCAR—that would grant state and local law enforcement the same drone takedown permissions as the FBI and DHS.

The FAA tells FLYING that flight restrictions for stadiums and sporting events do not apply to concerts, “but drone pilots must always fly safely so they don’t pose a hazard to people or property below.”

The agency added: “The FAA reviews all TFR requests to determine if they are warranted. To issue a TFR for public gatherings such as concerts, there must be a determination or request from federal law enforcement or national security of a security threat.”

The ability for drones to breach security perimeters around concerts and sporting events raises questions about what dangers they may pose elsewhere. The gunman in the assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump in July, for example, reportedly flew a drone over Trump’s Pennsylvania rally in the days prior.

Lawmakers’ attempts to expand government drone takedown authority, though, have been met with pushback from privacy and civil liberties advocates, who argue that journalists, activists, and other members of the public could have their First Amendment rights violated.

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The firm on Thursday published a blog post characterizing U.S. representatives’ portrayal of its relationship with Anzu, a Texas-based company selling drones that are eerily similar to DJI’s Mavic 3, as inaccurate. At the center of the controversy is a unique licensing agreement that the companies say gives Anzu access to DJI’s hardware and software—considered some of the best in the industry—essentially for free. Lawmakers believe the arrangement is fishy.

U.S. Representatives John Moolenaar (R-Mich.) and Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-Ill.), both members of the House Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the U.S. and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), wrote letters to Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo and Randall Warnas, the CEO and founder of Anzu. Warnas previously spent two years at DJI and was briefly the CEO of rival manufacturer Autel. He founded Anzu in April.

The lawmakers cite independent research from various sources, including a drone review YouTube channel and software engineer, that appears to show similarities between Anzu’s Raptor T and DJI’s Mavic 3. Propellers and batteries, for example, were discovered to be near-identical and interchangeable between the two models.

The concern, according to the representatives, is that DJI is using Anzu to circumvent bans on its technology by the Defense Department, Treasury Department, Commerce Department, and Department of the Interior, as well as several states. A bill being deliberated by Congress, the Countering CCP Drones Act, could extend those bans to the consumer level by effectively preventing new sales of Chinese-manufactured drones.

Lawmakers have likened DJI to TikTok, the Chinese social media platform that faces accusations of farming user data without consent and its own federal ban. The FBI and Department of Homeland Security have lent some credence to those fears, issuing a report in January that links DJI to the Chinese government. A 2022 Washington Post investigation revealed that the company had obscured ties to several state-backed investors.

DJI, however, denies that it receives any government funding or assistance. It claims that a collection of “state-owned banks, municipal investment funds, and capital management companies” own less than a 6 percent stake in the company, but there is no shady business.

“These enterprises are the same as any institutional investor that purchases stock in a private company, regardless of where that company is headquartered,” the company said Thursday. “The equivalent investment in the United States would be a state-backed pension fund investing in U.S. based technology companies.”

DJI also said allegations from U.S. federal agencies—which range from its role as a “Chinese military company” to aiding an ongoing genocide—are misguided. It has repeatedly emphasized that its drones are developed for peaceful purposes, with no state intervention. In April 2022, the company suspended all sales to Russia and Ukraine following reports that its drones were being used on the battlefield.

“DJI is not a military company,” the firm said. “We have no connection whatsoever with the military, and we see no reason to be named as a Chinese military company by the DOD. In fact, we remain one of few drone companies to clearly denounce and actively discourage the use of our drones in combat.”

As for its relationship with Anzu, DJI characterized it as business as usual. Under the companies’ agreement, Anzu is licensed to modify and manufacture DJI hardware and software to produce its Raptor drones. The aircraft are manufactured in Malaysia, which conveniently is not among the countries facing U.S. restrictions on drone technology. The agreement includes no royalties, shared ownership, or reporting on customer data, Anzu claims.

“This is a standard—and legal—arrangement, commonly practiced by companies across various industries,” DJI said. “One of the earliest examples of this approach dates back to 2018 when DJI and Skycatch partnered to deliver custom drones for a customer.”

Lawmakers are suspicious, though, because of Warnas’ comments to the New York Times that DJI “receives a payment for every drone that Anzu orders from its manufacturer in Malaysia.” They also interpret his comments in another interview as an admission that Anzu was formed specifically to get around U.S. restrictions. Warnas told the Times the arrangement was “essentially DJI’s idea” but separately has denied any knowledge of DJI’s agreement with its manufacturer in Malaysia.

The representatives further point out that Anzu and DJI did not disclose their relationship in Federal Communications Commission filings, only admitting the link after observers found similarities in their products. According to DJI, a plethora of businesses, including American firms, leverage its Software Development Kit (SDK) to develop their drones.

“This is why the software used on Anzu’s drones shares some similarities with DJI’s flight apps—it was built using this SDK,” the company said. “However, it is important to note that Anzu is responsible for overseeing its updates and data policies.”

Lawmakers would prefer to hear from Anzu itself. They asked that Warnas provide a detailed outline of the company’s relationship with DJI by the end of next week. In addition, the Anzu CEO will need to answer a barrage of questions pertaining to its factories in Malaysia, the sources of its components, and more.

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The FAA—which so far has published final airworthiness criteria for two air taxi designs, Archer Aviation’s Midnight and Joby Aviation’s flagship model—issued an advisory circular (AC) that would create the foundation for certification of powered lift vehicles, such as eVTOL aircraft. The AC, which lays out acceptable means for showing compliance with FAA Part 21 requirements for special class aircraft, is open for comment for 60 days.

EASA, meanwhile, updated its special condition for vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (SC-VTOL) rules to incorporate new requirements agreed upon with the FAA, covering safe flight and landing, handling qualities, and single-point failures.

Simultaneously, the regulators together revised Safety Emphasis Items (SEI) lists—which determine an agency’s level of involvement in aircraft validation projects—for parts 23, 27, and 29. According to the FAA, the partners have reduced SEI requirements and placed greater responsibility on the authority actually certifying the aircraft.

“The FAA and EASA have achieved a significant milestone on the path to certifying eVTOL aircraft,” the FAA said in a statement. “This also marks important progress in our effort to more closely align rulemaking and policy initiatives between the United States and the European Union. We’re committed to ensuring the safety of the flying public both at home and abroad.”

Both the FAA and EASA have announced ambitious initiatives designed to cement their respective AAM industries as the world’s biggest and best. But before tackling challenges such as eVTOL infrastructure, which will require a network of vertiports and electric chargers to support the aircraft, the regulators first need to define clear certification pathways for the novel designs.

The FAA’s new criteria, intended for powered lift designs with maximum weights of 12,500 pounds and a maximum capacity of six passengers, were developed using standards in FAA parts 23, 27, 33, and 35. The regulator said it leveraged its work on Archer and Joby’s type certification applications to develop the standards, claiming they will create a more efficient path to developing the certification bases for powered lift projects.

For example, the FAA will no longer need to publish airworthiness criteria in the federal register for public notice and comment, as it was required to do for Archer and Joby’s aircraft, for designs that use the standards in the AC. Applicants can now propose certification bases that draw from previously approved designs, such as Archer’s Midnight, or use equivalent level of safety findings to adopt existing airworthiness criteria for their own projects.

EASA, which had already published an initial set of standards for VTOL projects, made a few key changes in the second issue of its SC-VTOL criteria. Unlike the FAA AC, it will not be subject to public consultation.

The most notable change is an increase of the maximum certified takeoff mass (MCTOM) from 7,000 pounds to about 12,500 pounds, one of many examples of the regulator adjusting standards or wording to better align with the FAA AC.

Another key provision is the introduction of a requirement around electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS), which transmit data and signals across aircraft systems. Manufacturers will need to prove these can be operated without risk.

So far, China’s EHang is the only eVTOL manufacturer in the world to achieve type certification, awarded by China’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAAC) for the company’s EH216-S in October. Already, the manufacturer has completed commercial demonstration flights and begun mass production.

Things are moving a bit slower in the West, much to the chagrin of U.S. lawmakers and regulators, who don’t anticipate AAM operations at scale until 2028. It’s no secret that Western officials are wary of Chinese drones and electric vehicles, and the country’s growing AAM industry could be a threat to their dominance in that sphere as well.

Monday’s announcements should help accelerate the technology’s growth in the U.S. and Europe. In the coming months, expect the list of eVTOL companies with type certification bases to grow beyond Archer, Joby, and the handful of companies, among them Lilium and Volocopter, collaborating with EASA.

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Eve Air Mobility—the manufacturer of an electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) air taxi designed for a pilot plus four passengers—on Monday announced an agreement with Singapore-based aviation firm Yugo Global Industries to study the potential for UAM and eVTOL flights across Southeast Asia.

A memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed by the partners calls for a specific focus on the infrastructure required to support air taxi operations. The partnership will also explore UAM regulations, the size and capabilities of planned service centers and vertiports, and other aspects of the ecosystem as needed, Eve said.

“We are looking forward to collaboratively working with Yugo to study and help define the UAM ecosystem in Singapore and Southeast Asia,” said Johann Bordais, CEO of Eve. “Our goal is to also understand and define a business model that not only enables eVTOL flights in the region but also advances the overall mobility ecosystem.”

The firm’s new partner, Yugo, is a private aviation network with a global presence but a focus on Southeast Asia. It primarily provides VIP, corporate, leisure and family, medical, emergency, and cargo flights for high net worth individuals, conglomerates, and multinational companies. The firm also works with local air transport operators, such as the Philippines’ PhilJets and Cambodia’s Helistar.

Yugo’s partner fleet comprises rotorcraft such as the Bell 505 Jet Ranger X helicopter and business jets such as the Gulfstream G650ER. It also includes aircraft from OEMs such as Airbus, Bombardier, Dassault, Cessna, Robinson, and Leonardo subsidiary AgustaWestland.

“We strongly believe that Southeast Asian economies will greatly contribute to the development of the eVTOL and UAM industry,” said Thierry Tea, chairman of Yugo. “Our collaboration with Eve will offer valuable insights into the essential requirements for regional air mobility development.”

The MOU with Yugo is the latest bid on the Asia-Pacific market by Eve, which on Monday reiterated its commitment to introducing UAM to the region. The manufacturer has also partnered with stakeholders such as Singapore-based air mobility provider Ascent and vertiport developer Skyports to build the ecosystem that will support its operations in Southeast Asia.

“These types of collaborations and agreements are a critical first step toward pursuing eVTOL flights,”  said Bordais. “We are looking forward to working with Yugo and other key stakeholders as we begin this project.”

Eve in addition said it has begun construction of its first full-scale air taxi prototype, which it expects to begin testing this year. The lift-plus-cruise design uses eight lift rotors for vertical takeoff and landing and one push rotor for cruise, minimizing the number of moving parts compared to tiltrotor eVTOL designs. It’s expected to have a range of about 60 sm (52 nm) and a cruise speed of 100 knots.

Like its competitors in the eVTOL space, Eve is working with a long list of supplier partners that will provide aircraft components and systems, among them Thales, Honeywell, BAE Systems, and avionics OEM Garmin. It’s expected to debut a full-scale cabin mockup at the Singapore Air Show this week.

Eve claims its backlog of 2,850 aircraft preorders is the most in the industry, an assertion backed up by the most recent edition of SMG Consulting’s Advanced Air Mobility Reality Index.

Ahead of the company’s planned 2026 entry into service, the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC) in December released proposed airworthiness criteria for the air taxi. These include the regulator’s proposed requirements for how the aircraft is designed and operated. Public comments are expected to close this month, and ANAC may make a few tweaks to the criteria before publishing a final document.

Eve pointed to a few developments in Southeast Asia that could help prepare the region for air taxi services by 2026.

The Philippines’ San Miguel Corporation, for example, expects to open the New Manila International Airport in 2027, while the Overseas Cambodian Investment Corporation (OCIC Group) is building Cambodia’s Techo Takhmao International Airport for a 2025 opening. Both sites are exploring charging stations, flight routes, and other considerations for flying taxis and electric jets to reduce carbon emissions. Singapore could be the next Asia-Pacific nation to look at UAM infrastructure.

“Singapore is the first mover in Southeast Asia for UAM, and this can provide neighboring countries a template to support further ecosystem development in the region,” Eve said Monday in a news release. “For instance, OCIC Group is partnering with [Singapore] Changi Airport and Singapore Airline Engineering, [the MRO subsidiary of Singapore Airlines Group].”

In addition to air taxi services, Eve expects to offer Southeast Asian customers access to a worldwide network of service centers through its relationship with Embraer. It is also developing a range of customer support solutions, including flight operations solutions, network optimization, data management, and eVTOL health monitoring.

In the U.S. Eve is eyeing operations with partner (and investor) United Airlines, with plans to launch in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2026. Further, it is collaborating with Blade Air Mobility to add service to South Florida.

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The post We Break Down the State of MOSAIC By the Numbers appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Now, yes, 20 years later, we’re just getting around to fixing those issues—and in a big, bold way. In fact, the GA industry reacted almost entirely positively to the recommendations published on the eve of EAA AirVenture last summer. The comment period—extended after the government shutdown last fall and buoyed by the appointment of the new FAA administrator, Michael Whitaker—closed Monday. As anticipated, the usual aviation associations weighed in, but with an interesting nuance. Normally, AOPA, GAMA, EAA, NBAA, and NATA either comment completely separately or as one, it seems—but in this instance, GAMA stood apart. It had to, as its membership could not be so neatly addressed by the usual consolidated effort. 

• READ MORE: Comments from Aviation Associations Take On Pros and Cons of MOSAIC 

You see, GAMA represents a broad swath of the general and business aviation manufacturing business—and its interests do not necessarily match those of the pilot and user groups behind AOPA and EAA, in particular, and to a lesser extent NBAA and NATA.

And what GAMA diverged on has definite repercussions for other certification-defining efforts in play—notably, those aircraft seeking approval under the advanced air mobility umbrella, by and large as a new breed of aircraft entirely, the eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft.

Change Is Hard

So, you’ve gotta ask yourself: What’s a bigger flex for the FAA and industry, MOSAIC or the certification basis for eVTOLs? A great number of which—if you read their various timelines and PR—are set to begin darkening the skies late this year and next? 

If we can’t flex the rules to allow for equivalent levels of safety in a four-seat, 250-knot, 3,325-pound “light sport aircraft”—defying the term, really, but so many of these are already in the field and some certificated under EASA—how can we come to grips with those that fly using completely new (read noncombustion) propulsion systems and simplified (read highly automated) flight control regimes? 

I contemplated this question as I piloted (in loose terms) a Corolla down the 405 freeway, paddling my way toward LAX for a painful x-c home last week after a trip to demo a new—yet-traditional Part 23—airplane for an upcoming pilot report. I looked around me at my fellow humans commanding four-seat SUVs of a similar weight to MOSAIC LSAs (a ton or so), inflicting varying degrees of terror upon the drivers around them. I thought, ‘Do I really want all of these [frickin’ idiots] barreling through the skies over the LA Basin alongside me in their personal eVTOLs?’ They can barely manage two dimensions, let alone three…and isn’t SoCal Center already saturated with its current level of traditional fixed-wing and rotor traffic? At least the gates at LAX are saturated, perpetually. Local communities are more in the business of closing airports—Santa Monica—as opposed to opening them, these days.

And therein lies the promise of the MOSAIC NPRM, as EAA and the other signatories have chosen to cautiously embrace it, that’s distinct from the next stage, which is the road map for eVTOL certification on a broad basis. As it stands, the recommendations outline solid, incremental yet meaningful improvements. They meet the SMART goal standard—“A” for achievable with what we know now, and flexible enough to accommodate the future. 

I understand GAMA’s reticence to push all of its member companies into the future, but then again, five of the seven most recently added GAMA members announced this week are involved directly in AAM. The embrace of this future is real, even among those OEMs who have been until recently concerned solely with developing aircraft under the existing certification paths.

One thing seems clear to me: If the FAA and industry can’t wrap its collective brain around the thoughtful progress made by the ASTM’s F37 committee on LSA and its constituents, there’s no way any of us will be in the mindset to bring on the AAM revolution. And with the pushback now coming to a head in the general public regarding self-assessment and oversight—thanks to the Boeing door plug debacle and its cascade of realizations—that internal oversight formed a compelling part of what kept LSA development in check in terms of cost.

And that would be a shame. ’Cause even though the thought gives me pause now, I have a feeling I’ll be ready to pay good money at some point in the not-too-distant future to engage with the masses soon to be zooming above the 405 rather than on it.

The post Can the FAA Flex? appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

As the comment period closed on January 22 for the MOSAIC revamp of the light sport aircraft approval process, several signatories backed EAA’s take—and the FAA must address the proposal in light of ongoing quality and oversight issues at Boeing.

EAA submitted its response Monday, cosigned by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, National Business Aviation Association, and the National Air Transportation Association, with broad support of the measure, including several key areas to refine or expand.

“We support and strongly encourage the agency to commit the resources needed to continue to move this proposal forward and implement these changes,” said the consortium in the EAA statement. “Doing so will further enhance the safety, utility, and commercial viability of general aviation by fostering new aircraft designs and further stimulating the development of new technology.” 

Those elements include: 

• Removal of exclusions on aircraft class, expanding from the currently limited list of airplanes, gliders, powered parachutes, weight-shift control, and lighter-than-air, to add rotorcraft and powered lift and allow for new classes as technology advances
• Removal of the maximum takeoff weight of 1,320 pounds for land-based aircraft (1,430 for water-based aircraft)
• Raising the maximum level flight V_H speed from 120 to 250 kcas
• Allowing for alternative powerplants, controllable pitch props, and retractable landing gear
• Raising the maximum stall speed V_S1 from 45 to 54 kcas—in fact, the consortium would like to see a speed raised to 58 kcas or as high as 61 kcas
• Raising the maximum seating capacity from two to four seats, with the allowance for sport pilots to have up to three passengers

The final two items are apparently where the EAA/AOPA/NATA/NBAA consortium and GAMA diverge in some specifics, with GAMA opposing the allowance of a higher stall speed than 58 kcas, as well as the expansion of sport pilot privileges to allow for carrying up to 3 passengers.

FLYING reached out to GAMA for its comments, and they responded with the following statement, along with its general support for those submitted by EAA/AOPA/NATA/NBAA.

“GAMA supports the key aspects of the MOSAIC proposal to increase the size, performance and scope of aircraft that can be flown by sport pilots and issuance of a special airworthiness certificate in the light-sport aircraft category with the objective of improving safety, functionality, innovation, and availability of small general aviation aircraft. However, there are areas of the proposal regarding new and complex design and expanded operations of light-sport aircraft which are not fully supported by operational safety data alone and require additional consideration and understanding on how FAA intends to implement with the appropriate mitigations for risk.”

“In addition, GAMA believes FAA could more fully realize the intended objectives and benefits of this proposal by applying a consistent safety continuum approach across all small aircraft airworthiness and certification processes.” In translation, the association seeks further investigation of that risk before broadening the remit of the light sport model. The association notes that it was unable to gain consensus across its membership in the risk mitigation inherent in the proposal—given its inclusion of OEMs that build everything from LSA to Part 25 and 29 category aircraft.

Now, the FAA must sift through the recommendations and comments from a broad range of industry users and transform into action those elements that a consensus of the general aviation community has supported, as FLYING has observed.

Allowing for internal oversight is a key element that has propelled the development in LSA under ASTM. The transition to the certification program under the NPRM needs to acknowledge that in the face of increased public outcry on FAA oversight of similar types of self-assessment, such as Boeing and certain other OEMs of Part 23, 25, and 29 aircraft enjoy.

Who Do They Represent?

EAA in its letter acknowledged its 290,000 members and 900 local chapters of pilots, aircraft builders, and kitplane/vintage/warbird enthusiasts, while AOPA mentions its 300,000 “individuals who collectively operate 85 percent of all general aviation aircraft in the United States.” NATA reflects the operational side of GA, representing “nearly 3,700 aviation business locations across a broad cross section of the industry,” including fractional and Part 135 operators, and FBOs, MROs, and flight training providers. NBAA notes 11,000 “business and professional members involved in business aviation.”

• READ MORE: MOSAIC Questions Linger in Light Sport Aircraft Community

GAMA was formed to “foster and advance the general welfare, safety, interests, and activities of the global general and business aviation industry,” with more than 150 member companies represented, according to the association. Those constituents also include FBOs, pilot and maintenance training facilities, and fleet operators.

The EAA consortium comments may be read here. GAMA’s comments may be reviewed here.

The post Comments From Aviation Associations Take on Pros and Cons of MOSAIC appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

China’s DJI, the market leader in consumer drones since 2015, this week announced that its recently unveiled FlyCart 30 model is now available globally. The company kicked off sales in China in August. But the international expansion marks its true entry into the drone delivery space.

Prior to last year, DJI made drones almost exclusively for hobbyists or industrial customers. Most of these are camera drones, equipped with features such as high-definition lenses and video recorders. Others are designed for surveillance and inspection, with thermal or infrared sensors, mapping software, and advanced communications systems.

Despite the Chinese government’s alleged involvement in DJI, the company’s ascent has largely been organic, fueled by its reputation for low cost, high quality products. Its drones have been used to film high-profile TV shows such as Game of Thrones, The Amazing Race, Better Call Saul, and American Ninja Warrior, and have developed a following among American users. They’ve also been discovered on the battlefield in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, often in modified forms.

DJI’s presence in the U.S. has drawn the ire of lawmakers, who have decried the company’s products as “TikTok with wings” and leveled accusations of spying, without concrete evidence. Bans at the federal and state levels have taken aim at it and other Chinese manufacturers. In December, lawmakers successfully included sweeping restrictions in the recently passed defense policy bill.

However, with the exception of a few states, the restrictions only hamper DJI at the federal level. American companies will still be able to purchase the buzzing aircraft, though the manufacturer will compete for business with established U.S. players such as Zipline and Google parent Alphabet’s Wing.

The Specs

DJI says FlyCart 30 can be deployed for a variety of use cases: last-mile delivery, mountain or offshore transportation, emergency rescue, agriculture, construction, surveying, and more. This week’s announcement did not list a price tag, but the model is on sale in China for $17,000.

FlyCart 30 is a multirotor design featuring eight blades connected by four shared axes. Carbon fiber propellers, powered by a pair of built-in-house batteries, provide lift. Measuring 9-by-10-by-3 feet, the model enters the market as one of the largest short-range delivery drones.

Despite its size, the drone tops out at about 45 mph (39 knots). With both batteries installed, it can carry a 30-kilogram (66 pound) payload over a distance of about 8.6 nm, remaining airborne for only 18 minutes. In emergency single-battery mode, the payload rises to 88 pounds but range is cut in half.

However, FlyCart 30 is more durable than the average delivery drone. It has an IP55 rating, meaning it protects against dust and moderate rain, and can fly in winds as fast as 27 mph. The drone can also operate in temperatures as high as 122 degrees or as low as minus-4 degrees Fahrenheit—its batteries heat themselves, maintaining performance even in the freezing cold.

In addition, the drone’s propellers are optimized to fly at up to 19,600 feet agl, or up to 9,800 agl with a 66-pound payload—far higher than the 400-foot altitude occupied by most delivery drones today. This will allow FlyCart 30 to serve China’s mountainous landscape and hard-to-reach locations in other countries.

For beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) flights, FlyCart 30 can communicate with a remote controller as far as 12 miles away. But its unique Dual Operator mode extends that range by allowing pilots to transfer control of the drone with the push of a button.

During flight, a suite of sensors and visual systems can detect obstacles in multiple directions, in all weather conditions, day or night. A built-in ADS-B receiver alerts crewed aircraft of the drone’s approach. And in case of emergency, an integrated parachute can deploy at low altitude for a soft landing—or the drone can automatically pick an alternate landing site.

FlyCart 30 comes in two configurations, both of which can fold down for transport in a “standard-sized vehicle.” In cargo mode, payloads are placed in a 70-liter case built from material commonly found in the reusable packaging industry. Capable of being installed or removed in under three minutes, the case includes weight and center of gravity sensors to prevent swaying in the air.

Customers can also opt for winch mode, which is ideal for deliveries to inconvenient landing sites. A winch crane can carry up to 88 pounds of cargo, releasing it automatically at the delivery location on a 65-foot cable. Augmented reality projection is used to guide the cable to the landing point.

A FlyCart 30 purchase comes with the aircraft, batteries, charging hub with cables, and DJI’s RC Plus remote controller. In addition, FlyCart can be linked with the company’s DeliveryHub software, which provides operation planning, status monitoring, team resource management, and data collection and analysis.

Viewable on the RC controller is Pilot 2, another software that displays real time information on flight status, cargo status, battery power level, and more. Pilot 2 also alerts operators of potential risks along the flight path and generates alternate landing points in the case of extreme weather or other abnormal conditions. From the controller, users can even view flights live through the drone’s first-person view gimbal camera.

The Outlook

DJI has held the pole position in consumer drones for nearly a decade. The company could continue to bring in billions of dollars in annual revenue by specializing in that area. But the launch of drone delivery signals the firm’s ambitions run deeper.

Rather than selling exclusively to individual hobbyists, DJI can now reach enterprise customers such as retailers or medical organizations. That segment is less susceptible to macroeconomic swings and could help the company stabilize revenue. Skydio, the largest consumer drone company in the U.S., recently shuttered its consumer business entirely, electing instead to pursue enterprise customers.

Working in DJI’s favor is its already established international network of dealers and customers. The firm has become a trusted brand in the consumer drone space, and many companies and organizations—which could become drone delivery customers—are already familiar with DJI systems and interfaces. Some of them already use the company’s other drones.

A potential concern, however, is FlyCart 30’s niche. The drone doesn’t fit neatly into a single category: its limited range and flight time suggest it will hone in on the last mile, but its size and weight make it better suited to deliver heavy cargo rather than food and groceries. Medical payloads could be a good fit (DJI has said as much) but the company would need to compete with Zipline, whose drones can fly 190 miles on a single charge. As of January, Zipline has completed nearly 900,000 deliveries worldwide.

In addition, FlyCart 30’s 143 pound empty weight with both batteries installed would exceed the FAA’s limits for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). To fly in the U.S., DJI would require type certification or an exemption to Section 44807 of Title 49 of U.S. Code. The European Union and New Zealand, two other emerging drone delivery markets, have similar rules.

DJI may be able to overcome those restrictions in other foreign countries, but breaking into the U.S. market could be challenging. For years, American lawmakers have targeted it and other Chinese manufacturers with bans, though these only restrict the technology at the federal level. However, a few states have already shown willingness to pass their own bans.

Further, U.S. lawmakers are pushing legislation that would extend DJI bans to the consumer level, restricting hobbyists and potentially even businesses from flying the drones. But DJI has made one thing very clear: Global scale, not regional, is the objective.

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The post China’s DJI, Facing U.S. Bans, Launches Global Sales of Delivery Drone appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Now for this week’s top story:

Historic Cargo Flight With Uncrewed Cessna Caravan

What happened? You’ve never seen a Cessna like this before—in fact, the world hadn’t, until this week. On Monday, Mountain View, California-based Reliable Robotics released footage of its November flight of a 208B Caravan, modified with its remotely operated aircraft system to fly without a pilot in the cockpit. The company claimed the feat is an aviation first.

How it works: Reliable’s uncrewed, FAA-approved flight—operated remotely from a control center 50 miles away—lasted about 12 minutes. But while the jaunt was relatively brief, it helped validate the firm’s technology, which automates all phases of flight from taxi to takeoff to landing. Control surfaces and engine controls, for example, are adjusted automatically.

A continuous autopilot system equipped with advanced navigation technology prevents common causes of aviation accidents, such as controlled flight into terrain or loss of control in flight. However, redundant voice and data networks allowed the modified Cessna to be commanded remotely. Other models could be equipped with the system too, since it’s aircraft agnostic.

Has automated aviation arrived? Well, not quite. Reliable and other automated flight systems developers still need to certify their tech, but they’re getting closer. The FAA in June accepted Reliable’s formal certification plan, which relies on existing regulations for normal and transport category aircraft and contains no special conditions or exceptions. In addition to test flights with the regulator, the company has demonstrated its system for NASA and the U.S. Air Force.

But it’s looking beyond defense use cases. Reliable plans to start a fully owned Part 135 airline subsidiary for automated commercial cargo flights. It’s also working with ASL Aviation Holdings to automate its fleet of more than 160 aircraft, which service Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Quick quote: “This milestone accelerates dual-use uncrewed flight opportunities, increasing aviation safety and enabling us to bring a broad range of autonomous military capabilities into denied environments,” said Colonel Elliott Leigh, director of Air Force innovation arm AFWERX and the department’s chief commercialization officer.

My take: Automated flight systems are still in the early stages of development, but there is potential down the line for them to become ubiquitous. Some, such as autolanding, already are. Fully automated flight is another story.

Reliable is working with Textron Aviation and Textron eAviation to convert more Caravans, which are some of the most widely used turboprops in the world. Others such as Xwing and Merlin are building similar tech. But their success will depend on safety. Some believe automated systems will be more effective than pilots at reducing the risk of accidents. For now, though, humans have demonstrated the capacity for safe, routine, commercial flights—and automation simply hasn’t.

The cargo sector, which removes the risk of carrying humans, will likely be the first to adopt automated flight. That’s where Reliable is looking first. Others, who are eyeing the passenger segment, may need to wait on regulations and certification.

Deep dive: Reliable Robotics Completes Historic Cargo Flight—With No One on Board

In Other News…

Ampaire’s Modified Cessna Breaks Endurance Record

What happened? Historic Cessna flights pique your interest? How about another one: A Cessna 337 Skymaster equipped with hybrid-electric propulsion made a 12-hour, 1,375-mile trip. Ampaire, the maker of said propulsion system, believes the feat to be an endurance record. The previous high-water mark? Another Ampaire flight in 2022.

How about hybrid? Impressively, Ampaire’s Electric EEL demonstrator touched down with more than two hours of battery and fuel reserves remaining. That should be reassuring for the company—it claims the EEL offers a greater payload, cuts more emissions, and can be certified faster than hydrogen-powered designs. But hydrogen still has the advantage of range.

Ampaire went with hybrid propulsion because it believes it can take advantage of hydrogen fuel efficiency while weaving in the benefits of an all-electric system. Its designs are projected to reduce emissions less than the latter, but they’ll add greater range and payload while requiring less infrastructure. Plus, Ampaire believes it can certify its flagship model in 2024.

Deep dive: 12-Hour Hybrid-Electric Flight Sets New Endurance Record

This Strange Aircraft Could Come to Your Local Public Safety Agency

What happened? The funky-looking aircraft above is called Hexa—and it’s now on sale. Lift Aircraft, the manufacturer behind the unique, single-seat design, announced it will allocate five aircraft for public safety customers such as police and fire departments, emergency medical services, and first responders. Eventually, it’ll be available for personal use.

Anyone can fly: Lift enters the market with a unique proposition: an aircraft that anyone can learn to fly within an hour. Hexa qualifies as a Part 103 ultralight, which means the FAA doesn’t require a pilot certification to fly it. That may be a boon for public safety agencies, which could fly it for firefighting, supply drops, or air ambulance services without needing a licensed pilot.

Lift’s vision is for customers to one day walk into a vertiport, train for less than an hour, and leave flying their own personal eVTOL. The company actually has an agreement with helicopter tour operator Charm Aviation to bring Hexa to downtown Manhattan. But public safety customers will get the first crack at it.

Deep Dive: Lift Aircraft Sells Outlandish, Ultralight Personal eVTOL to Public Safety Agencies

And a Few More Headlines:

• NASA’s Voyager 1 probe can’t phone home, and it could take engineers weeks to fix the problem.

• Sean Cassidy stepped down as head of safety for Amazon’s drone arm, where he served as its main liaison to the FAA.

• The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) will collaborate with Google to decarbonize aviation.

• Textron Aviation announced a carbon offset program for its turbine aircraft customers.

• Air taxi startup AIBot chose Honeywell to develop the flight controls for its autonomous eVTOL design.

Spotlight on…

Maeve Aerospace

Dutch manufacturer Maeve Aerospace broke onto the scene in 2021 with its concept for a 44-passenger, all-electric regional jet. This week it came out with an even more ambitious design.

Maeve on Monday unveiled the M80: a hybrid-electric model for up to 80 passengers that it says fuses the performance of a jet, the efficiency and economics of a turboprop, and the emissions reduction of an all-electric aircraft. That combination is an attractive proposition—if the company can make it happen.

The M80 is scheduled for arrival in 2031, which should give Maeve plenty of time to refine its unique architecture. The secret sauce is the aircraft’s engine: It runs on electric battery packs and an aviation fuel of the operator’s choice, including power-to-liquid (PtL) and other forms of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Combined with a redesigned airframe, the engine can reduce emissions to near zero and fuel burn by 40 percent—which, according to Maeve, will keep trip costs low.

Plus, airports won’t need to install electric infrastructure to welcome the M80. The aircraft’s batteries are only needed for takeoff and climb. In cruise, an altitude optimized thermal engine takes over, which allows the aircraft to charge its own batteries during descent, Maeve said.

Deep Dive: The Efficiency of a Turboprop, the Performance of a Jet: Meet Maeve’s M80

On the Horizon…

Will the FAA ever be reauthorized? The answer is almost certainly yes, but it may not happen soon.

On Tuesday, federal lawmakers extended the deadline for reauthorization to March 8, just a few months after it was stretched to December 31. The second extension will keep the agency funded into the new year. However, industry stakeholders are getting antsy about the long-term outlook. Reauthorization would secure the FAA funding for the next half-decade, but it would also introduce new standards for air traffic control, pilot retirement, and advanced air mobility (AAM). For now, though, Senators continue to quibble over certain provisions.

Simultaneously, lawmakers are working to bolster American defenses against rogue drones. The State Department this week hosted its first counter-drone policy forum workshop, which brought together stakeholders from the governments of the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Attendees shared their countries’ respective goals and challenges. For the U.S., that could be useful—according to reports, federal authority to down drones expired last month.

Also in the works is a bipartisan bill called the NASA Talent Exchange Program Act. The legislation would assign NASA employees to temporary aerospace industry positions, and vice versa, creating new linkages between the regulator and other stakeholders.

Across the pond, we’ve got a trio of updates from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Perhaps the most notable is the launch of an Innovative Air Mobility Hub for stakeholders to exchange information on technologies such as air taxis and drones.

The European regulator also published what should become a key document for eVTOL aircraft firms: the first standards (and limitations) on eVTOL noise. Since electric air taxis are expected to fly over people in crowded urban areas at low altitude, keeping noise to a minimum will be crucial. Among other provisions, EASA will require operators to measure noise during takeoff, overflight, approach, and hover.

And finally, there’s been a leadership shakeup at the top of the agency. EASA named Luc Tytgat as acting executive director in September following the departure of Patrick Ky. But this week it picked Florian Guillermet, director of France’s air navigation services provider, as a permanent replacement.

Mark Your Calendars

Each week, I’ll be running through a list of upcoming industry events. Here are a few conferences to keep an eye on:

• 11th Annual eVTOL Symposium—February 6-8 in Silicon Valley, California
• Drone Show Korea 2024—March 6-8 in Busan, South Korea
• World’s Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Conference—March 17-19 in Jerusalem
• AUVSI Xponential 2024—April 22-25 in San Diego 
• Vertical Flight Society’s Forum 80—May 7-9 in Montreal

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The post You’ve Never Seen Cessnas Like These Before appeared first on FLYING Magazine.