December 11 is the submission deadline for Stage 1 of GoAERO—a three-year contest backed by NASA, Boeing, RTX, and other key aviation stakeholders seeking to aid the estimated 4.5 million Americans living in “ambulance deserts,” who may need to wait longer than 25 minutes for emergency services to arrive. The aircraft created by competitors could rescue people in danger and respond to disasters, medical emergencies, or humanitarian crises.

Officially launched on February 5, GoAERO (Aerial Emergency Response Operations) has been recruiting teams of university students who lack the financial backing of large corporations. But the competition is open to just about anyone over the age of 18, GoAERO founder and CEO Gwen Lighter told FLYING.

“It is a call for engineers and entrepreneurs and innovators and universities and students and professors and retirees and businesses and corporations and all of that to join us and to create these emergency response fliers,” said Lighter.

Lighter envisions GoAERO’s emergency response flyers as “another tool in the first response toolkit.” Helicopters, she said, are great for emergency response but are expensive to procure and operate, require a pilot, and struggle to operate in tight spaces.

Drones, at the other end of the spectrum, are excellent for delivering medical supplies. Drone delivery companies Zipline and Wing, for instance, have collectively transported hundreds of thousands of shipments of blood, vaccines, and equipment. But when it comes to search and rescue, drones can only complete the latter portion of the mission.

“What we are doing is we are saying, ‘OK, helicopters are one end of the spectrum, drones are the other,’ and then putting them together, molding them into something that can deliver a first responder to someone in need, rescue someone who needs help, deliver needed goods and supplies, all within the rubric of natural disasters, everyday medical emergencies, events caused by climate change, humanitarian crises,” Lighter said.

The aircraft are intended to be simple, compact, and uncrewed, flying either entirely on their own or with help from a remote pilot. They must also be easily transportable, deployable within minutes, and capable of delivering first responders, patients, or supplies in cities, rural areas, and disaster zones.

Aviation for Public Good

Lighter previously organized GoAERO’s predecessor GoFLY, which similarly sought to put groundbreaking technology into the hands of people who otherwise would not have access. But whereas GoFLY was geared toward personal, recreational flight, GoAERO is about helping others.

“GoAERO is really focused on a singular mission, which is saving lives,” Lighter said. “It is aviation for public good.”

According to Lighter, all GoFLY partners have signed on to the new initiative, and even more have joined. Boeing is the lead GoAERO sponsor, but the contest is also backed by RTX, Honeywell, Iridium, and industry groups such as the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) and International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS). First responders, aviation regulators, and other organizations are on board.

“We’ve had hundreds of discussions with not only aviation [firms], but first responders in a wide variety of different types of response, whether that is search and rescue, whether that is wildfire, whether that is earthquake, whether that is everyday medical emergencies and EMTs,” said Lighter.

She added: “Collectively, we have landed on these technical rules and specifications to create aircraft that really allow first responders to be first responders, rather than pilots and all of these other things.”

GoAERO will provide teams with some design guidelines. But Lighter told FLYING that the goal is for participants to produce a wide range of designs. Teams will be permitted to focus on medical needs and disaster scenarios specific to their area, for example.

“Success for us looks like in three years, at the end of the competition, that we have a multitude of different flyers that show up, and some are better in everyday medical emergencies, and some are better in urban environments, and some are better in remote environments, and some are better in wildfires,” said Lighter.

Participants will have some help from above. The competition offers what Lighter called a “full education platform,” with educational webinars, legal assistance, and one-on-one mentorship opportunities with experts from Boeing, U.S. government agencies such as the FAA or Department of Defense, and other mentors. Those relationships can help them refine design concepts, build autonomy, or raise funding.

GoAERO earlier this month, for example, signed a Space Act Agreement with NASA that will see the space agency lend its personnel to the initiative. NASA also committed $400,000 through its University Innovation Project to support U.S.-based university teams and will grant access to free or discounted software, services, and products.

“I think GoAERO represents bringing the best of aeronautics and aviation to the public space, to public good, making sure that we are bringing our capabilities, our technologies, our genius together to work for the American people and for the people across the globe that need these kind of services,” said Bob Pearce, associate administrator of NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) and GoAERO mentor.

The Fly-Off

The GoAERO competition will culminate in a three-day “fly-off” beginning February 2027, during which teams will put their aircraft through a series of missions to gauge adversity, productivity, and maneuverability.

At stake are $2 million worth of prizes, including a $1 million grand prize for the winner. In addition, the top performer in each of the three fly-off missions will win $150,000. A $100,000 RTX Disruptor Award will be handed out for “disruptive advancement of the state of the art,” while a $100,000 autonomy prize will highlight the best use of automation.

All missions will be flown in a single-occupant aircraft carrying a mannequin, “Alex,” or other nonhuman payload. The contest will evaluate a range of different scenarios, testing competitors’ ability to save an injured person from under a forest canopy, douse a wildfire, rescue a drowning victim, and complete other emergency missions.

All of these must be performed under difficult conditions such as inclement weather, unknown terrain, or uncooperative air traffic control. Competitors will not have access to the mission courses or locations of obstacles until the day of the event. In addition, they should “expect the unexpected”—mission conditions and elements may not be exactly as advertised.

The FAA helped write the technical rules of the competition and will mentor teams to ensure their aircraft comply with federal rules. The agency will be “deeply involved” in the fly-off to maintain safety.

“We are closely working with the FAA in a number of their departments, and we have fully integrated our programming into today’s FAA certification process, and we will be helping our teams through that,” Lighter said.

During the contest, teams will have to dodge pylons and walls and contend with less-than-ideal takeoff and landing conditions. “The Flood” site, for example, is an 18-inch deep pool with simulated rain conditions—teams must touch or pop a balloon floating on its surface. Other locations will feature inclined slopes, sandy pits, or heavy winds.

A panel of expert judges will rank attempts by completion, speed, and payload, with bonus points awarded for one-person crew operations, quick deployment, and few operator inputs. To be eligible for the grand prize, a team needs to complete two missions, or complete one and partially complete another.

What Happens After?

Lighter emphasized that GoAERO hopes to produce not just emergency response flyers, but an ecosystem around them.

“We’re building this ecosystem so it’s not one company, it’s not one university, it’s not one entrepreneur, it’s not one regulator, it’s everybody coming together to use transformative technology to save lives,” she said.

At the end of the fly-off, the winning teams will have full control over what happens next. They will retain all intellectual property rights and do not necessarily need to commercialize their technology with a partner.

But while there are zero post-competition requirements, GoAERO aims to set teams up for success. Partners such as Boeing and RTX will be present for the fly-off, and winners will then have the option to meet with them and start a partnership.

“What we want to do is enable our teams to make the best choices for themselves at the end of the competition, whether that is licensing technology, whether that is building on their own, whether that is raising funds to commercialize, whether that is joining with a strategic partner—all are open and options for each of our teams,” Lighter said. “We certainly would never dictate to our teams how they should deploy. Rather, we will create the conditions where they have multiple options to be able to commercialize should they wish to do so.”

She added: “We all came together because we realized that there’s been a convergence of breakthrough technologies in aviation and in adjacent industries, and we now have this first moment in history that we have the ability to create new forms of emergency response aircraft.”

How to Get Involved

The deadline for GoAERO’s initial paper submission phase is December 11, which means there is plenty of time to apply.

To do so, applicants can visit goaeroprize.com to find the Stage 1 application forms, which include short biographies of each team member and legal documents covering liability and insurance, for example. Application is free, but there is a design submission fee of $250 for individuals and $500 for teams.

“Everything is on the website, from the technical rules to the schedules to the webinars to who the advisors are and who the partners are to how to engage with us,” said Lighter.

GoAERO excludes applicants under the age of 18, employees of Boeing or RTX and their families, and citizens or residents of countries subject to U.S. sanctions or export controls. But all others may apply, and the competition already includes teams from 40 countries. Entities that would prefer not to form a team but are interested in a partnership can also contact GoAERO.

Ten $10,000 winners will be selected from the Stage 1 pool, and eight Stage 2 teams will win $40,000 each. But teams can enter the competition at any time, including during the final fly-off. For that last phase, participants will need an aircraft with registration and airworthiness certification that has demonstrated, via video evidence, controlled flight with a full payload.

The stage is set. The rules are clear. All interested parties need to do is join the competition.

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The post Innovators Compete to Build Self-Flying Emergency Aircraft appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Boeing workers walked off the job at midnight on September 12 after more than 94 percent of union members rejected a tentative contract offer by the company.

After joining several picket lines in Washington state and Oregon on Wednesday and Thursday, Bryant told FreightWaves in a phone interview that union members were resolved to achieve fair pay and better benefits.

“The beginning of this week we wanted to visit with many of our members on the picket lines all the way from Everett [Washington], all the way down here to Portland to let them know they have the complete support of their union, the 600,000 active and retired IAM members both in the United States and Canada,” Bryant said. “… [W]hat it’s really about is, they’ve had 10 years of stagnant wages, 10 years where they’ve lost their pension, 10 years of continual increases in their health insurance. … [T]he workers here have just said enough is enough. … We’ve got to get a contract that truly respects us and recognizes the value that we do for the Boeing Company.”

Bryant said support for the strike has been overwhelming.

“We’ve talked to people who have 45 years in this plant, and we’ve talked to people that just started two months ago, and they’re all on the same page,” he said.

Bryant said that while Boeing does offer a 401(k) matching program, most workers can’t contribute to retirement because their wages aren’t high enough.

“They can’t afford both their mortgages, the rent payments, the vehicle payments, the gas, the fuel to get to work, the food to feed them and their families and their other utilities,” he said. “By the time that’s all done, they don’t have enough income to be able to even participate in the 401(k). It’s on Boeing. They’ve got to correct that. What they did 10 years ago with the pension was just ridiculous and uncalled for, but they’ve got to move forward. They’ve got to do something that gives people income security when they retire.”

Bryant blasted Boeing’s announcement of furloughs in response to the strikes.

“If they want to get serious about what they’re spending on executive salaries and if they’re overstaffed, they could have been dealing with that all [along],” he said. “It’s a cheap shot to make it look like they’re blaming the workers out here on strike because it’s their fault. Look, the workers are on strike here. None of Boeing’s problems have anything to do with these workers. In fact, all of the things that are wrong with Boeing right now are all attributed to bad decisions from corporate. … They’re the ones that have made the bad decisions that are putting Boeing in the position that they’re in. And it’s unfortunate that they’re trying to make this look like it’s the union’s fault. It’s just smoke and mirrors.”

Bryant said it will take a fair contract to resolve this strike and that members are resolved to wait as long as necessary to get that.

“I’m absolutely amazed and impressed with the solidarity and the commitment that our members of the Boeing workers have made to improve their situation,” he said. “This isn’t only happening with the Boeing Company. This strike is being followed all across—not just the U.S.—but in Canada also. This is being followed because the same thing that is happening and has happened to these workers here is happening at many different corporations.”

Boeing did not immediately respond to FreightWaves’ request for comment.

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on FreightWaves.

The post Machinists Union Head Joins Boeing Strike Lines Across Pacific Northwest appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

This comes after over 30,000 workers with the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) rejected a contract renewal with the company and went on strike last week.

The furloughs were anticipated earlier this week as the aerospace giant attempts to stop the financial bleeding caused by the strike. A Bloomberg Intelligence analysis predicted Monday that Boeing could be out $3.5 billion in cash in the third quarter if the strike continues through September.

• READ MORE: Boeing Freezes Hiring, Considers Furloughs as Strike Could Cost $3.5 Billion

In a memo sent to employees on Wednesday by Boeing CEO Kelly Ortberg, workers were notified that production was paused across many key programs in the Pacific Northwest due to the strike.

“… [O]ur business faces substantial challenges, and it is important that we take difficult steps to preserve cash and ensure that Boeing is able to successfully recover,” Ortberg said in the memo. “As part of this effort, we are initiating temporary furloughs over the coming days that will impact a large number of U.S.-based executives, managers, and employees.”

• READ MORE: Boeing Machinists Reject New Contract, Go on Strike

Ortberg stated that all benefits will continue for affected employees. The company is planning for selected employees to take one week of furlough every four weeks on a rolling basis for the duration of the strike.

Along with these steps, Ortberg said that he and his leadership team will take pay cuts for as long as the strike lasts. Ortberg is currently one of Washington state’s highest-paid CEOs. The Seattle Times reports his compensation package could reach $22 million in 2025.

He did not specify in the memo how much his pay will be reduced during the strike.

“Most important, we won’t take any actions that inhibit our ability to fully recover in the future,” Ortberg said. “All activities critical to our safety, quality, customer support, and key certification programs will be prioritized and continue, including 787 production.”

The post Boeing to Furlough Workers Amid Ongoing Strike appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Whitaker will appear before an investigative subcommittee of the Senate Transportation and Infrastructure Committee on September 25 to discuss the FAA’s oversight of Boeing after a new Max 9 went through Boeing’s Renton, Washington, assembly plant and was delivered without four bolts that secured the door plug.

• READ MORE: NTSB Grills Boeing Over Max 9 Door Plug Loss

On January 5, the door plug detached while the plane was climbing out of Portland, Oregon, on an Alaska Airlines flight to California.

Boeing has already testified in June before lawmakers in trying to explain how that error happened despite its safeguards. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), who chairs the committee, suggested Whitaker is in for a rough ride next week.

“Instead of encouraging workers to report quality and safety concerns, Boeing’s culture pushed workers to conceal problems that required federal inspectors’ attention,” Blumenthal said. “The FAA has to explain what they knew and when they knew it. Boeing’s broken safety culture is in desperate need of repair, and the FAA has an essential role to play.”

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on AVweb.

The post Whitaker to Explain FAA Role in 737 Max Door Plug Mishap appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Over 30,000 machinists and aerospace workers at the company walked off the job Friday after a large majority rejected a tentative contract. A Bloomberg Intelligence analysis predicted Monday that Boeing could be out $3.5 billion in cash in the third quarter if the strike continues through September.

According to the Bloomberg report, the cash loss could reduce Boeing’s balances to $9 billion—near the minimum for the company. The largest driver of results in sales will be 737 deliveries, which Boeing will have made 78 of for Q3 versus 70 in Q2. The report stated that defense and Global Services are expected to perform similarly to Q2.

Boeing Cuts Costs

Boeing executive vice president and chief financial officer Brian West told employees in an emailed memo that the company would take actions to preserve its cash, including:

• Starting a hiring freeze across Boeing for all levels, and pausing any pay increases associated with internal executive and management promotions.
• Stopping any travel that is not for critical customer, program, regulatory or supply chain activity.
• Suspending nonessential capital expenditures and facilities spending.
• Suspending outside consultant spending and temporarily releasing nonessential contractors.

“… [W]e are planning to make significant reductions in supplier expenditures and will stop issuing the majority of supplier purchase orders on the 737, 767 and 777 programs,” West said in the memo. “We are also considering the difficult step of temporary furloughs for many employees, managers and executives in the coming weeks.”

Which Airlines Will Be Impacted?

Bloomberg Intelligence stated that airlines most affected by Boeing’s strike will be Ryanair, Southwest Airlines, United Airlines, and Alaska Airlines. While it’s not in the high-demand season, this is expected to predominantly affect U.S. air travel.

The report stated that the most-affected airlines in the near term appear to be Southwest, Alaska, Aeromexico, and Jin Air of Korea, all of which are expecting two deliveries in the remaining half of September. With vacation season waning in the U.S., Bloomberg estimates a minimized impact from delays.

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on AirlineGeeks.com.

The post Boeing Freezes Hiring, Considers Furloughs as Strike Could Cost $3.5 Billion appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) announced the result on its website late Thursday night after vote tabulation was completed. 

The union said its negotiating team will “regroup and begin planning the next steps on securing an agreement that our membership can approve.”

IAM chief Jon Holden said earlier this week that the tentative deal was the best contract the union has ever negotiated.

Union leaders and Boeing (NYSE: BA) reached a tentative agreement on Sunday, but rank-and-file machinists immediately expressed unhappiness with it. The last contract was ratified 16 years ago. On Monday, workers rallied outside Boeing’s widebody aircraft plant in Everett, Washington. 

One of the biggest issues is pay. Boeing is offering a wage increase of 25 percent over four years, but union members say it doesn’t include their current yearly bonus. Boeing will also put more matching funds into a 401(k) retirement plan but won’t restore a pension plan that the machinists used to have and gave up in an earlier negotiation. The collective bargaining agreement would also change mandatory overtime so workers will be required to work overtime and weekends less often and it puts in a floating vacation holiday. Workers will also be able to progress through different job responsibilities more easily. 

Workers also complain that the wage increase isn’t high enough, that the pension wasn’t restored and that Boeing’s promise to build a future aircraft type in the Puget Sound region only extends for the length of the contract. Workers still feel betrayed about previous rounds of negotiations in which Boeing twice threatened to move jobs outside of Washington. 

If the strike is authorized and goes on for an extended period the delivery of aircraft and components would stop. That wouldn’t have an immediate effect on airlines but would exacerbate the current backlog of aircraft and further limit the ability of airlines to modernize or expand their fleets to reach new markets. 

A strike comes at a difficult time for Boeing, which has suffered years of losses because of regulatory restrictions following a series of accidents and mishaps, as well as concerns about manufacturing quality and the safety culture that have slowed aircraft production rates. Still, some analysts have said that a production shutdown now isn’t the worst outcome because airlines are grappling with too much capacity as travel demand wanes and aren’t as eager to receive planes as they were last year.

A 10-week walkout in 1995 cost Boeing $100 million per day. The company has lost $27 billion since 2019. 

FedEx pilots in summer 2023 rejected a labor deal negotiated by union leadership and appear to have lost negotiating leverage since then. The air cargo market softened and the pilot shortfall that allowed pilots at some passenger airlines to win substantial deals eventually lessened, reducing pressure on FedEx to raise compensation beyond its target.

New Boeing CEO Kelly”Ortberg has been on the job for a little over a month. 

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on FreightWaves.

The post Boeing Machinists Reject New Contract, Go on Strike appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

This comes after a weeklong mission to the ISS extended into an eight-month nightmare for two astronauts after the Starliner experienced thruster malfunctions during the trip to space. Since their blastoff on June 5, NASA astronauts Barry “Butch” Wilmore and Sunita “Suni” Williams have been staying on the ISS alongside the Expedition 71 crew.

• READ MORE: NASA Explains Strange Noises Heard on Boeing Starliner

NASA announced in August that the crew would be returning via the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft in February. They won’t be the first astronauts returning to Earth in a separate spacecraft than the one they launched from, though missions extended from unforeseen factors are rare. 

Returning the Starliner

NASA’s mission timeline posted on Thursday states that safety and mission success remains top priorities for teams during the Starliner’s return.

As the first American capsule designed to touch down on land, the Starliner will use potential landing locations in the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico; Willcox, Arizona; and Dugway Proving Ground, Utah. NASA said that Edwards Air Force Base in California is also available as a contingency landing site.

NASA said it analyzes weather predictions for the various landing sites, taking note of winds, ground temperatures, cloud ceiling height, visibility, precipitation, and nearby storms. When the teams start undocking, the Starliner will complete several departure burns. From there, the spacecraft is planned to reach its landing site in as little as six hours.

During this deorbit burn, a final weather check will commence.

• READ MORE: SpaceX—Not Boeing—Will Return Starliner Astronauts After Monthslong Mission

“Winds must be at or below 10 mph (9 knots),” NASA’s mission timeline said. “If winds exceed these limits, teams will waive the deorbit burn, and Starliner will target another landing attempt between 24 and 31 hours later.”

Assuming weather meets acceptable conditions, Starliner will execute its deorbit burn for approximately 60 seconds. This will slow it down enough to reenter earth’s atmosphere and land at its target site. Immediately after the deorbit burn, the spacecraft will reposition for service module disposal, which will burn up during reentry over the southern Pacific Ocean.

Reentry will see the capsule reach temperatures of up to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which may interrupt communications with the spacecraft for approximately four minutes. After this, the forward heat shield on top of the aircraft will be jettisoned and several parachutes will be deployed at 30,000 feet.

• READ MORE: NASA: Starliner Astronauts May Not Return Until February

As the aircraft continues to slow down, the base heat shield will jettison at 3,000 feet and cause six landing bags to inflate. The spacecraft will travel at approximately 4 mph at touchdown.

Recovery After Landing

After touchdown, several NASA and Boeing landing recovery teams stationed near Starliner’s landing site will move toward the spacecraft in sequential order:

• The gold team will use equipment to “sniff” the capsule for any hypergolic fuels that didn’t fully burn off before re-entry. They also cover the spacecraft’s thrusters.

• The silver team will then electrically ground and stabilize the Starliner.
• The green team will supply power and cooling to the crew module since the spacecraft will be powered down.
• The blue team will then document the recovery for public dissemination and future process review.
• The red team, which includes Boeing fire rescue, emergency medical technicians, and human factors engineers, then will open the Starliner hatch.

The teams will begin unloading time-critical cargo from the Starliner. The spacecraft will then be moved to Boeing facilities at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for refurbishment.

The post NASA Reveals Mission Timeline for Crewless Starliner Return appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The Brisbane City Council last week published a proposal outlining an array of improvements to the city’s transportation system that could be made in time for the Games, with UAM among them. Such a project would require collaboration across all levels of government to install special infrastructure in city centers, including domestic and private airports.

While the proposal does not mention electric air taxis specifically, Australia’s Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) defines UAM as “short- to medium-range and endurance [services] designed for low altitude point-to-point passenger or cargo carrying tasks in, and between, urban areas.”

Among the aircraft that would fulfill these services, according to the regulator, are electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) air taxis. These outlandish designs can take off like a helicopter and cruise like a conventional plane.

“When we secured the Games, we knew it meant more than hosting for a few weeks: it was a chance to leave a lasting transport legacy for our city,” said Adrian Schrinner, mayor of Brisbane, in the proposal. “The Games present a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to accelerate investment in our transport network and deliver long-term benefits for our community that are inclusive and accessible to all.”

One eVTOL air taxi manufacturer, Boeing’s Wisk Aero, in July hinted that its self-flying Generation 6 could make its debut in time for the 2032 Brisbane Games. Wisk is collaborating with vertiport developer Skyports Infrastructure, which is building vertical takeoff and landing sites equipped with electric aircraft chargers.

In the opinion of Clem Newton-Brown, CEO of another vertiport developer, Skyportz, the proposal is confirmation that Brisbane is considering hosting flights of electric air taxis such as Wisk’s.

“Brisbane is well suited for waterfront vertistops co-located with ferry terminals, as the [Brisbane] river wraps around the [central business district],” Newton-Brown told FLYING. “But they are also going to need suburban vertistops stretching from the Sunshine Coast to the Gold Coast and into the hinterland.”

In addition to the Sunshine Coast and Gold Coast, the proposal names Brisbane’s Moreton Bay, Scenic Rim, and international cruise ship terminal as potential UAM destinations. The city council said it is exploring direct access to the city center from its key transport hubs and that these routes would complement “future autonomous air taxi services,” which would appear to be a nod to Wisk.

“With eight years to go, the Games present a strong opportunity to showcase the potential of urban air mobility,” the proposal reads. “[The South East Queensland] Council of Mayors is playing a key role in facilitating collaboration between government agencies involved in the planning for urban air mobility.”

Added Newton-Brown: “In Australia, we have strong support from our air regulator, CASA, federal and state governments, but what we need is strong buy-in from local governments, and South East Queensland is currently leading the way.”

The city council expects to receive a commitment from state and local governments to fund the Olympic transportation projects by 2025. A business case would be developed between early 2025 or late 2026, with government approvals, funding, and the delivery of aircraft and infrastructure before the end of the decade. The goal is for the system to be operational by 2031.

“Our plan is sensible, affordable and achievable by 2032,” wrote Schrinner in a post on X, “but it’s going to require a team effort by all three levels of government to ensure Brisbane’s transport network can both cater for the games and cater for our city’s incredible growth.”

Though they did not ferry passengers between venues as originally planned, electric air taxis did soar at the Paris Olympic Games this summer. German manufacturer Volocopter completed two test flights of its two-seat VoloCity design, including one that lifted off in front of the Palace of Versailles. The company did not receive approval in time to fly spectators despite offering for French President Emanuel Macron to be its inaugural passenger.

Electric air taxis are expected to fly again at the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Los Angeles, where American manufacturer Archer Aviation aims to launch a network by 2026. City transportation officials are preparing for Archer, and potentially others, to fly passengers at the big event.

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Hybrid-electric ultra short aircraft manufacturer Electra, which is backed by investors such as Lockheed Martin and Honeywell, on Friday announced Allen’s appointment as CEO. The former Boeing executive will lead the company as it develops an FAA-certified Part 23 aircraft with a runway requirement of just 150 feet for both airline and helicopter operators.

Allen will replace Electra founder and chairman John Langford, who will remain on the company’s board to focus on long-term strategy.

“My passion has always been about building, coaching, and inspiring high-performing teams,” said Allen. “Electra is at the forefront of revolutionizing air travel with its direct aviation model, bringing air travel closer to where we live, work, and play—without airports, emissions, or noise.”

For a young company among a sea of them developing novel electric, ultra short, or vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft designs, securing Allen seems like a big get.

The new Electra boss most recently served as Boeing’s chief strategy officer and senior vice president of strategy and corporate development from October 2020 to December 2023. He oversaw the company’s big picture activities, strategic investments, and acquisitions, including the 2023 restructuring and acquisition of electric air taxi company Wisk Aero.

Allen was also president of Boeing’s Embraer Partnership group, which he planned and led until it was terminated due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. He previously headed the company’s $5 billion customer finance business and led its China business from its Beijing headquarters.

As a member of the firm’s executive council, Allen served as vice president of global law affairs and general counsel for Boeing International. He oversaw company activities across 18 regional offices, working on government affairs, cross-border trade, market development, and other initiatives.

Outside Boeing, Allen is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy. He is also director of the U.S.-China Business Council and U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum, which facilitate trade between American firms and those countries, and a trustee of the Trilateral Commission, which encourages business between North America, Europe, and Asia. He is board chairman of nonprofit International Justice Mission.

Allen was drawn to Electra in part by its proprietary propulsion system, which according to the company allows its aircraft to take off at neighborhood driving speeds. The aircraft uses a unique blown-lift architecture, directing air over the wing and into flaps and ailerons that force it downward, amplifying lift. Like Wisk, which piqued Allen’s interest at Boeing, Electra seeks to introduce entirely new capabilities to the industry.

“The thesis at Electra is that it only makes sense to introduce this novel distributed electric propulsion system if it can do something that you couldn’t otherwise do,” Allen told Reuters. “A totally different set of missions that opens up. You can fly goods between warehouses without ever trucking the goods to the airport. You can just land in the parking lot.”

That kind of utility has drawn attention from the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force, which have all contracted Electra to get their hands on its technology before commercial customers. NASA too is interested in what the aircraft can do. According to Electra, it surpassed 2,000 aircraft orders in January, including from customers such as JSX, Bristow Group, and JetSetGo.

Electra completed the first hybrid-electric flight of an ultra short demonstrator, the EL-2 Goldfinch, in November 2023. This year, it made two more key flights, taking off and landing with 170 feet of runway in May and again on a 300-foot grass field in July. The company seeks to certify and introduce its aircraft commercially by 2028.

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The semireusable vessel to the ISS is in the midst of its inaugural crew flight test (CFT) for NASA, which was planned as an eight-day visit to the orbital laboratory but has stretched for months. Officials over the weekend determined the spacecraft’s ongoing helium leaks and thruster issues pose too much risk for the mission to be completed with crew.

Instead, Wilmore and Williams will hitch a ride on SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, which will launch to the ISS on the Crew-9 mission scheduled for September 24. They’ll work alongside the Crew-9 astronauts during their six-month stay, coming home in February—eight months after they left.

The mission was intended to be Starliner’s final test flight before NASA certifies it for routine ISS missions.

“Spaceflight is risky, even at its safest and most routine,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during an update at Johnson Space Center in Houston on Saturday. “A test flight, by nature, is neither safe nor routine. The decision to keep Butch and Suni aboard the International Space Station and bring Boeing’s Starliner home uncrewed is the result of our commitment to safety: our core value and our North Star.”

Both Wilmore and Williams are seasoned astronauts, having completed monthslong spaceflight missions in the past. They’ll have plenty of supplies for their extended stay. NASA launched an ISS commercial resupply mission this month and has another scheduled for October.

Norm Knight, director of flight operations for NASA, said he spoke to the crewmembers on Saturday and that they support the decision to return in February. During their lone Earth-to-orbit call in July, the astronauts said they are “having a great time” on the space station.

To make room for Wilmore and Williams, SpaceX’s Crew-9 will fly with two astronauts rather than the typical four. NASA is working to reconfigure Dragon’s seats and adjust the mission manifest to accommodate additional supplies, personal items, and spacesuits for the Starliner crew.

Before Crew-9 launches, Starliner—which is capable of flying autonomously—must undock and make a controlled reentry and landing in the New Mexico desert, freeing up a docking port for Dragon. NASA officials will conduct a flight readiness review to determine when that will happen.

“We also will continue to gather more data about Starliner during the uncrewed return and improve the system for future flights to the space station,” said Ken Bowersox, associate administrator of NASA’s space operations mission directorate.

Nelson on Saturday said he spoke to newly anointed Boeing CEO Kelly Ortberg, who assured him the company would finish out its $4.2 billion contract to develop Starliner and fly two to six commercial ISS missions. The manufacturer has already spent $1.6 billion out of pocket to cover delays and cost overruns on the fixed-price agreement.

“We continue to focus, first and foremost, on the safety of the crew and spacecraft,” Boeing said in a statement. “We are executing the mission as determined by NASA, and we are preparing the spacecraft for a safe and successful uncrewed return.”

What Went Wrong?

Technical problems and setbacks are nothing new for the Starliner program, which has been hampered by faulty thrusters, software and communications issues, corroded valves, and even flammable tape Boeing installed in the cockpit.

NASA in 2014 awarded contracts to Boeing and SpaceX, which received $2.6 billion, to build the vehicles that would comprise its Commercial Crew astronaut rotation program in a bid to reduce its reliance on Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The agency is seeking two vehicles so that each can serve as a backup for the other.

Since then, though, SpaceX has flown eight Commercial Crew missions, while Boeing has yet to complete a crewed flight test.

“All of us really wanted to complete the test flight with crew, and I think unanimously we’re disappointed not to be able to do that,” Bowersox said of the Starliner CFT.

NASA and Boeing knew about a helium leak on Starliner’s service module—the spacecraft’s expendable component—prior to the mission but took a calculated risk in authorizing it. During the vehicle’s approach to the ISS on June 6, crews discovered four more leaks, which officials said have stabilized.

The bigger issue lies with the service module’s reaction control system (RCS) thrusters, made by Boeing contractor Aerojet Rocketdyne. During Starliner’s deorbit burn, they will be required to align the spacecraft with its landing spot. Five of these thrusters failed to fire at full strength during its rendezvous with the ISS. All but one of them, which has been deactivated, are back to normal after testing, NASA said.

But the agency has struggled to trace the root cause of the problem. It delayed Crew-9 in order to perform ground testing at White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico, putting an identical RCS thruster through the same maneuvers that affected Starliner on orbit.

Throughout the process, officials insisted that Starliner—not Dragon—would be the astronauts’ ride home. But their tone changed in August, when engineers theorized that extreme heat from the thrusters caused a seal to expand, blocking the flow of propellant and dimming the flames.

“We are clearly operating this thruster at a higher temperature at times than it was designed for,” said Steve Stich, manager of NASA’s Commercial Crew program.

The thruster issue ultimately traces back to a design flaw with the “doghouses” that insulate the hardware from space. These pods—which each house several thrusters—are retaining too much heat during more intense maneuvers. Engineers thought they had addressed the issue following Starliner’s second uncrewed test flight, which reached the ISS but suffered similar RCS thruster problems.

“We thought, obviously, we had done enough analysis to show that the thrusters would be within the temperatures that they were qualified for,” said Stich. “Clearly, there were some misses in qualification.”

Officials on Saturday concluded, unanimously, that there is enough risk of the problem resurfacing during the deorbit burn to pivot to Dragon. But it wasn’t without pushback from Boeing, which according to Bowersox held “tense discussions” with NASA.

“We view the data and the uncertainty that’s there differently than Boeing does,” said Jim Free, associate administrator of NASA.

Boeing officials including Mark Nappi, vice president and manager of the company’s Commercial Crew program, repeatedly downplayed the severity of the thruster issues over the past two months. On August 2, the firm even made a blog post reiterating its confidence in Starliner and summarizing the testing that had been performed.

Ultimately, though, NASA said it has learned from the missteps of the space shuttle Columbia and Challenger catastrophes and decided to err on the side of caution.

“We lost two space shuttles as a result of there not being a culture in which information could come forward,” said Nelson. “We have been very solicitous of all of our employees that if you have some objection, you come forward.”

What’s Next?

Bringing Starliner home uncrewed undoubtedly deals a blow to Boeing, despite officials’ assurance that the capsule will soon fly again. Nelson said he is “100 percent certain” the spacecraft will carry crew on future missions.

“Starliner is a very capable spacecraft and, ultimately, this comes down to needing a higher level of certainty to perform a crewed return,” said Stich.

When those missions will launch, however, is anyone’s guess. The spacecraft’s debut service mission, Starliner-1, is scheduled for August 2025 after its initial February window was given to SpaceX’s Crew-10. But that date could be jeopardized by further NASA requirements, including—potentially—another CFT.

Officials on Saturday did not commit to that. But Stich in July said NASA and Boeing “understand it’s going to take a little bit longer” to certify the spacecraft than previously thought. Officials this month said they were unsure whether NASA would classify the CFT as a mishap, which would require a more thorough investigation.

Any delay could jeopardize Starliner’s ability to fulfill its contract before the ISS is retired by NASA and SpaceX at the end of the decade. Per Ars Technica, the agency has only placed firm orders for three missions and can purchase individual flights from Boeing or SpaceX as needed.

Keeping the program on track will likely come down to Boeing, which is on the hook for any redesigns required to address Starliner’s helium leaks and faulty thrusters.

“They’ve spent ‘X.’ Will they spend ‘Y’ to get to where Boeing Starliner becomes a regular part of our crew rotation?” said Nelson. “I don’t have the answer to that, nor do I think we would have the answer now.”

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