As little as a few hundred dollars can build a basic flight sim at home with a set of controls and a computer program. A lot more money can outfit an airline with a full-motion simulator to train pilots to fly without leaving the ground.

Somewhere in between the entry-level system and the airline training simulator, the ultimate personal flight sim setup provides a realistic flying experience from the comfort of your own home.

There are many benefits to flight simulators, whether they are FAA approved for loggable flight hours or not. Inclimate weather, maintenance delays, and operating costs can keep pilots grounded when they’d rather be working or training in the air.

Flight simulation is a way for pilots and enthusiasts to sharpen their skills at any time and in any virtual location or aircraft type they want.

The Ultimate Home Flight Sim

Creating the ultimate home flight simulator setup requires investing in premium gear for an immersive experience. A sense of realism can be achieved at home by prioritizing a few key elements.

Craig Fuller, CEO of Firecrown (which owns FLYING Magazine among other aviation media brands), recently shared his complete flight sim setup in a post on X (formerly Twitter). It’s a setup that will make any pilot proud. 

“I recently upgraded my home simulator to teach my kids to fly,” Fuller wrote.

In a thread, he details the premium components he chose for his simulator and why. We’ll highlight some of his picks, as well as other industry favorites and recommendations.

Essential Components

Essential components for any home flight sim setup include the frame, visual displays, computer, flight controls, and software.

In a sea of endless options and customizations, we’ve rounded up our favorite flight simulator components in each category to help you build the ultimate home flight sim. 

Cockpit Frame

The frame is the foundation of any flight sim setup. A simulator frame is a structure that contains all of the essential parts like the monitors, computers, and controls.

It’s important to have a well-constructed frame to mount rudder pedals, yokes, and seats to hold them in place and allow for more realistic feedback and control inputs.

Most premade simulator frames are aluminum or steel. Many include a seat that is either already attached or can be easily installed by the user. 

Frame Recommendations

Craig’s pick: Boeing Commercial Edition From Next Level Racing

• Highlights: This officially licensed Boeing rig comes complete with a faux wool-lined seat embroidered with the Boeing logo and royal blue accents. According to Fuller, it’s “sturdy and looks amazing.” Compatible with any leading brand of flight controls, this cockpit frame is the perfect foundation for a serious home simulator.
• Price: $775

Also check out:

• Single monitor mount: RealSimGear Flight Sim Seat & Frame Bundle
• Triple monitor mount: Volair Universal Flight or Racing Simulation Cockpit Chassis

Computer

Without a powerful computer, even the best cockpit frames, seats, and flight controls will be lacking. “The PC is the most important piece of hardware,” says Fuller. “Don’t skimp on this.”

For the most realistic experience, you’ll need a computer that can keep up with the demands of your flight simulation software. Programs like Microsoft Flight Simulator rely heavily on processing power, graphics capabilities, and memory.

A high-performance PC ensures smooth graphics, quick response times, and the ability to run complex scenarios, making your simulation feel as close to real flying as possible.

Computer and Console Recommendations

Craig’s pick: Doghouse Systems FLYING Edition

• Highlights: Doghouse Systems teamed up with FLYING to create this gaming PC specifically designed for use in flight simulators. “I run three 65[-inch] 4K monitors in 4K with zero issues,” Fuller says. Further customize your computer build with upgrades to the memory, video card, and more.
• Price: $4,695

Also check out:

• Best gaming console: Xbox Series X

Visual Systems

Most home flight simulator setups use monitors or VR headsets to display the visuals that are essential for flight simming. Some larger systems utilize projectors for a different experience.

Projectors tend to require a lot more space and perform best in dark, windowless spaces like a basement or garage.

For the best at-home visuals, a large curved monitor or multiview display delivers quality graphics and a wide field of view, making your simulation sessions feel truly immersive and realistic.

Visual Display Recommendations

Craig’s pick: Multiview display of three Sony 65-inch 4K Ultra HD TV X85K Series

• Highlights: The smooth, clear picture on this display keeps pace easily with the fast-moving simulation graphics. Use a single monitor for a focused display, or mount a series of three for peripheral viewing.
• Price: $898 each

Also check out:

• Curved monitor: Samsung 55-inch Odyssey Ark 4K
• VR headset:- Meta Quest 3

Flight Controls

Flight controls are what most often come to mind when thinking about building a flight simulator. Even the most basic home setups have at least a stick and rudder. 

When it comes to building the ultimate home flight sim, the sheer volume of flight control options can be overwhelming. Rudder pedals, yokes, and switch panels can be found in a wide array of price points, designs, and materials. Control panels can be exact replicas of a specific airplane cockpit, or a loose interpretation of the real thing.

For Fuller’s home flight sim, he chose a Boeing-branded yoke to match his sim frame. “Thrustmaster makes the best controllers on the market,” he says.

The throttle he chose is a replica of the A-10 Warthog throttle quadrant, also from Thrustmaster. Constructed primarily from metal, it’s a sturdier replacement for the plastic Boeing throttle quadrant that comes included with the Boeing-branded yoke.

Yoke

Craig’s pick: Thrustmaster Yoke Pack Boeing Edition

• Highlights: As official Boeing-licensed gear, this yoke and throttle quadrant bundle are ergonomic replicas of controls found on the iconic 787 Dreamliner. Compatibility with both Xbox and PC, automatic integration with Microsoft Flight Simulator, and a sturdy metal internal yoke structure make this set a no-brainer.
• Price: $499

Also check out:

• Best PC compatible: Honeycomb Alpha Flight Simulator Yoke
• Best Xbox compatible:- Turtle Beach VelocityOne Flight Universal Control System

Throttle

Craig’s picks: Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog Dual Throttle and  ThrustMaster TCA Yoke Pack Boeing Edition

• Highlights: The ultimate flight sim should have the coolest details possible, and what could be cooler than a replica A-10 Warthog throttle? With 17 action buttons, dual levers, and primarily metal construction, this throttle not only looks great but feels precise and enjoyable to use. Fuller also recommends the ThrustMaster Boeing Edition. “I bought it and love it, and it matches my cockpit,” he says.
• Price: $329

Also check out:

• Airbus throttle and stick bundle: Thrustmaster TCA Captain Pack – Airbus Edition
• PC compatible universal controls: Honeycomb Bravo Flight Simulator Throttle Quadrant

Rudder Pedals

Craig’s pick: Thrustmaster Pendular Rudder

• Highlights: A unique pendular design on these rudder pedals give realistic feedback and precise control. Weighing in at over 15 pounds, these pedals are constructed entirely of metal and provide excellent stability with or without mounting to a sim frame.
• Price: $599

Also check out:

• Best for Xbox: Turtle Beach VelocityOne Universal Rudder Pedals

Software

Selecting the right flight simulation software is crucial for creating the ultimate home flight simulator experience.

Your software choice will directly impact how immersive and realistic your flight simulator will be, so it’s important to choose wisely. With a range of options available, the choice depends primarily on your personal goals.

When choosing software, consider factors such as the accuracy of the flight models, quality of the graphics, availability of updates and community support, and system requirements. 

Flight Simulator Software Recommendations

Craig’s pick: Microsoft Flight Simulator

• Highlights: Beloved by home flight simmers around the globe, Fuller agrees MSFS is unmatched: “Microsoft Flight Simulator blends gaming with real-world scenarios and integrates Bing real-world graphics into the experience.” The much-anticipated new release of MSFS is expected to drop in November 2024.
• Price: $60-$120

Also check out:

• For excellent flight dynamics: X-Plane

Advanced Features and Customization

While advanced features like sound systems, motion platforms, and environmental feedback are not required to run an effective home simulator, they can certainly add depth to the experience.

Motion Platforms

A motion platform is a powered base that simulates movements like pitch, roll, and yaw, adding a tactile dimension and realism to a flight simulator.

Chandler Welling, co-founder and president of Podium1 Racing and home sim expert, says “[a] motion platform alone can be up to $28,000 for the top line, and that’s before any software or controls.”

According to Welling, when it comes to home flight simulators, “it’s important to know what you want to get out of it. A great system can be under $10K.”

While a motion platform is typically a pricey upgrade even in the lower price ranges, it’s a modification that can take your home sim to the next level. Motion simulators in the neighborhood of $28,000 are priced that way for a reason— they’re precise, quiet, and deliver a range of motion only otherwise achievable by actually flying an airplane.

Check out:

• Qubic QS-320 3DOF Motion System
• Next Level Racing Motion Platform V3

Haptic Feedback

Haptic feedback adds another layer of realism to the home flight simulator experience by providing tactile responses that mimic real-world sensations.

Through vibrations and force feedback in controls like yokes, rudder pedals, and throttles, haptics can simulate the feel of an aircraft’s controls during various flight conditions.

Check out: 

• Next Level Racing Haptic Feedback Gaming Pad
• Buttkicker Advance BK4-4

Best Turnkey Flight Simulators

If you’re less of a DIYer and looking for a bundle that has it all, a turnkey simulator may be right for you.

All-in-one bundles have the added benefit of guaranteed compatibility. Companies that offer turnkey simulator solutions have tried and tested different combinations of gear to find the best solutions.

Based on what works best and what their customers love, they’re able to put together complete rigs to meet different needs and price points.

Best Customizable Turnkey Flight Simulator

Podium1 Racing – Latitude Flight Sim

Highlights: The makers of custom sims for celebrities like Joe Rogan and Snoop Dogg have the market cornered on the coolest all-in-one racing and flight simulators. While Podium1 has focused most of their energy on building and marketing the best sims in racing, their expansion into flight simulators shouldn’t be overlooked. From fixed wing to rotorcraft, the variety of customizations they offer is only limited by your imagination.

Price: $12,999

Best FAA-Approved Turnkey Home Flight Sim

RealSimGear – Cessna BATD

Highlights: This turnkey simulator isn’t just for fun; it can also be used for instrument currency and logging certain types of flight time. Not all simulators are approved by the FAA for logging hours, so for some pilots, this is a strong selling point. RealSimGear also has FAA-approved Piper, Diamond, and Cirrus simulators.

Price: $21,795

Get Ready to Build Your Home Simulator Setup

Creating the ultimate home flight simulator requires thoughtful planning and consideration of each key component.

The best approach is to determine your goals and priorities before you begin crafting your setup to be sure you hit all of the elements that are most important to you. Home flight simming is not only a great way to stay sharp as a pilot, it’s also incredibly fun.

By investing in top-of-the-line gear and software, you can build a simulator that meets all of your personal sim goals and creates a realistic and immersive flight experience.

FAQ 

What is the best flight sim set up?

The best flight sim setup includes realistic flight controls, powerful computers and visual displays, and simulation software. Advanced systems often include add-ons like motion feedback and sound effects.

How to build a flight simulator setup?

Flight simulator setups can be pieced together from different brands and systems depending on the user’s preferences. There are also turnkey systems that require minimal assembly from the user and come mostly pre-built.

What equipment is needed for Microsoft Flight Simulator?

The minimum equipment required to run Microsoft Flight Simulator is an Xbox or PC and a gaming controller or set of basic simulator flight controls.

The post Building the Ultimate Flight Simulator Setup at Home appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

The endorsement can help you prepare for flying these aircraft proficiently and help you secure the proper insurance. Part 61 defines a pressurized aircraft as one with a maximum operating altitude or service ceiling of 25,000 feet msl. 

To earn your high-altitude endorsement, you’ll need both ground training and flight training from an authorized instructor. Here’s a step-by-step look at how to earn this endorsement:

What Is a High-Altitude Endorsement? 

A high-altitude endorsement helps you prepare for flying a pressurized aircraft. You’ll learn valuable information, including how to handle a high-altitude aircraft, hypoxia symptoms and effects, supplemental oxygen use, and more.

Even if you plan to only operate nonpressurized aircraft at high altitudes, it’s a good idea to complete the high-altitude endorsement training to learn how to protect yourself.

Diminishing oxygen can impact your ability to control an aircraft and affect your vision, which could lead to a catastrophic accident. Other physiological concerns associated with hypoxia—including loss of consciousness—result from an improper understanding of high-altitude aircraft and their systems.

How Does a High-Altitude Endorsement Work? 

Earning a high-altitude endorsement requires classroom instruction, ground training, and flight training from an authorized instructor. 

During ground school, you’ll learn about signs and symptoms of altitude sickness, when to use supplemental oxygen, how long you can safely use that oxygen, and more.

Once you’ve completed your ground training successfully, you’ll take to the skies—or to a flight simulator—where you’ll learn how to operate an aircraft at 25,000 feet msl. 

After successfully completing both the classroom and flight training portions of the training, your instructor will add the high-altitude endorsement to your logbook to demonstrate your preparation. 

Four Steps for Earning a High-Altitude Endorsement

Now that you know more about this endorsement, here’s a look at the four-step process for earning your high-altitude endorsement: 

Step 1: Ground Training

To provide this endorsement to a pilot, authorized instructors must include the following high-altitude endorsement instruction in their ground school training.

• Physiological aspects associated with high-altitude flight
• How the use of supplemental oxygen can impact you over time
• How to prevent high-altitude sickness
• How long you can maintain consciousness without supplemental oxygen
• High-altitude aerodynamics
• Incidents of decompression
• How to recognize the signs and symptoms of hypoxia or altitude sickness
• Respiration

Step 2: Flight Training

You can complete the flight training for this endorsement in a pressurized aircraft, a flight simulator, or a flight training device. If the instructor offers the training using a simulator or other training device, these tools must be capable of replicating the experience of operating a pressurized aircraft.

Your instructor will prepare you for how to handle emergency procedures during rapid decompression. But don’t worry, the instructor will not actually depressurize the aircraft during this training. Finally, your flight training will include instruction on the descent procedures during an emergency.

Step 3: Logbook Endorsement

Once you’ve completed the ground school and flight training to earn the high-altitude endorsement, your instructor will add the endorsement to your logbook. This will certify that you have completed the training satisfactorily. 

Step 4: Exception to Earning a High-Altitude Endorsement

FAA Part 61 also lists several exceptions for individuals who do not need the high-altitude endorsement to fly a pressurized aircraft. These exceptions include the following:

• The pilot served as PIC of a high-altitude pressurized aircraft prior to April 15, 1991.
• The pilot completed a pilot proficiency check to earn a pilot certificate or rating prior to April 15, 1991.
• The U.S. military completed a PIC check for the pilot.
• The pilot completed a PIC proficiency check with an approved pilot check airman or the administration under part 121, 125, or 135.

Preparing for Operating a Pressurized Aircraft

The high-altitude endorsement is an important safety measure to prepare you for high-altitude flights in a pressurized aircraft. But it’s also wise to seek the endorsement if you plan to operate a non-pressurized aircraft at higher altitudes. 

That way, you’ll be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of hypoxia before it’s too late. Many flight schools offer this valuable endorsement along with other courses that can help you round out your pilot skills. 

Looking to stay in-the-know about updates in the industry? Be sure to subscribe to FLYING Magazine for more tips and insights.

FAQ

What altitude do you need a high altitude endorsement for?

A high altitude endorsement is required to act as PIC in a pressurized aircraft that has a maximum operating altitude or service ceiling above 25,000 feet msl.

What are the requirements for high altitude training?

Training for a high altitude endorsement must include flight and ground instruction logged with a flight instructor. Flight instruction must be done in a pressurized aircraft or full flight simulator. Ground instruction should cover all of the topics outlined in 14 CFR 61.31(g) including aerodynamics, hypoxia, and supplemental oxygen.

How do you get a high-performance endorsement?

A high performance endorsement is required to act as PIC of aircraft with an engine of more than 200 hp. To get a high performance endorsement, you must log relevant ground and flight training with a flight instructor.pdates in the industry? Be sure to subscribe to FLYING Magazine for more tips and insights.

The post How to Earn a High-Altitude Endorsement appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Deciding which type of logbook to use is important to do early on in your flying career, if possible. The more hours a pilot accumulates, the more work it will be to transfer all of that information into a new format. Before choosing a logbook, consider these pros and cons to determine which one is right for you.

Why Are Pilot Logbooks Important?

Digital and electronic logbooks are used to track flight time and provide proof of a pilot’s qualifications.

Pilots are required to keep track of their flight hours and aeronautical experience when working toward a new certificate or rating. Logbooks are also used to track currency for existing certificates and ratings, such as an instrument rating or night currency. Using an official pilot logbook helps keep all of that information organized and easily accessible.

Logbook entries include information about the flight and the pilot’s activity. A standard entry includes the date, conditions of the flight, type of flight experience gained, and total flight time. Flight conditions could be day or night flying, IFR , or simulated IFR.

Examples of flight experience a pilot could log are PIC, solo time, or instruction received.

Pilot logbooks serve as documented proof of a pilot’s training. Keeping neat, accurate records will make your life easier as you advance through your training.

Paper Logbook: Advantages and Disadvantages

A paper logbook is a physical book, usually bound with a hardcover.

Pilots record their flight times and endorsements by hand and manually calculate their flight hours. Paper logbooks are the more traditional method of pilot recordkeeping, and many pilots prefer the tangibility of documenting on paper.

Pros of Paper Logbooks

• Tangible and familiar: There’s something about putting pen to paper. There’s no real learning curve and nothing overly complex about filling out a physical logbook.
• No reliance on technology: As long as you have your book in hand, you can access and update your hours. There’s no subscription fee or internet connection required.
• Accepted universally: You’d be hard pressed to find a school, scholarship, or job application that doesn’t accept pictures of physical logbook pages as proof of experience.

Cons of Paper Logbooks

• Limited space: There are only so many pages in a paper logbook. Eventually, it will fill up and you’ll need to get a new one. Every logbook filled is another one you need to keep safe.
• Vulnerability to damage or loss: Paper logbooks can be easily ruined by spills, tears, or wear over time. They also can be lost or stolen.
• Human error: Tallying up hours by hand, page after page, will almost inevitably lead to an error at some point. Pages can be totaled incorrectly and types of flight time get missed. Duplicate logs or regular audits may help catch and prevent errors but are not foolproof.
• Difficulty in data analysis: Tallying up hours in a column is one thing, but going back through months or years of data to add up specific types of time is another. When it comes time to apply for a new rating or certificate, the process of proving eligibility is time-consuming with a paper log.

Popular Written Logbook Options

Our top picks for paper logbooks have a hardcover, plenty of pages, and fill-in-the-blank endorsements.

• Sporty’s Pilot’s Flight Logbook and Record
• King Pilot Logbook
• ASA Standard Pilot Logbook
• Jeppesen Professional Pilot Logbook

Electronic Pilot Logbook: Advantages and Disadvantages

An electronic pilot logbook is a digital record of a pilot’s flight experience.

It contains virtually the same information as a paper logbook but is housed online or on a digital device. Digital pilot logbooks have become increasingly popular as a backup or replacement for paper logbooks.

Pros of Electronic Logbooks

• Automatic calculations and summaries: With an electronic pilot logbook, there are no manual calculations needed. The software is designed to total your flight hours automatically.
• Easy data entry and editing: If a flight is logged incorrectly, it’s easy to go back and make adjustments. Corrections on a paper log can get messy, especially if they are not caught until multiple pages later.
• Advanced analysis and reporting features: Pulling up data in a specific category takes only a click or two. Most logbook software also includes currency tracking and reminders.
• Cloud storage and backup: One of the biggest advantages of digital logbooks over paper is recoverability. Electronic logs are usually hosted on software that backs up copies of your logbook to the cloud. Even if your tablet or phone is lost or broken, your data is still safe and can be restored on another device.

Cons of Electronic Logbooks

• Initial learning curve: As with any new software or tech, it may take a little time to become familiar with an electronic logbook. Figuring out all of the new-to-you functions might not be immediately intuitive.
• Dependence on technology: Logbooks need to be on hand and accessible when flying certain types of operations. If your logbook is housed online, you’ll need to make sure your tablet or phone is charged so you can access it.
• Potential synchronization issues: Apps don’t always integrate with other apps and devices as easily as we hope. Tech issues are a possible complication of an electronic pilot log.
• Cost of software subscriptions: Keeping up with a recurring subscription fee is definitely more expensive than buying a paper logbook one time. If low cost is a priority, the options for digital logbooks in that category are certainly limited.

Popular Digital Logbook Options

Our favorite digital logbooks come at a variety of price points with all different levels of capability.

• ForeFlight – As a bonus suggestion, try out Sporty’s Flying with ForeFlight training course.
• Garmin Aera 760 GPS
• MyFlightBook

Which Flight Log Type Is Best?

• During flight planning: When planning a flight or flying schedule, you might want to review various hour totals for currency. For fast and accurate totals, an electronic logbook would be the better choice.
• In the cockpit: While in the air, internet access is limited. A digital logbook may not load or update while flying, so a paper logbook would be better for inflight reference.
• During aircraft inspections: Ramp inspections may happen suddenly and without notice. While logbooks are not a required item to present during a ramp check, it’s best to have one accessible if possible for a smooth inspection process. If you have a dead iPad and can’t access your logbook, you might find yourself in a bad position with the FAA. A paper logbook is potentially the safer option to have on hand in this scenario.
• For career advancement: If you plan to fly professionally, an electronic logbook is the most efficient option. When you apply for pilot jobs, airlines and other potential employers will request detailed reports on your hours. Digital logbook software makes it easy to pull up-to-date, comprehensive reports on your flight hours.

Find a Flight Logbook That Works for You

The best flight logbook for you may be paper, digital, or a combination. Go with your gut and start with whichever type you’re leaning toward.

You can always transfer your data to a different format later if you change your mind. It’s also a great idea to have a backup log. You may consider using more than one type or brand to diversify your data storage.

FAQ

Are electronic pilot logbooks legal?

Yes, electronic pilot logbooks are legal and just as valid as paper logbooks. As long as all required information is documented, flight hours can be logged manually or electronically.

What digital logbook do airline pilots use?

There isn’t one software that is standard among all airline pilots, but many airline pilots like LogTen Pro for its advanced features and reporting.

What is the best pilot logbook for iOS?

For hobby pilots, ForeFlight’s logbook feature is more than sufficient and is iOS-friendly.

The post Paper vs. Electronic Logbooks: Pros and Cons appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Types of Pilots and How Many Hours They Work

Commercial Pilot: 85 flight hours and 80 ground hours per month

Flight Instructor: 80-100 flight hours and 100 ground hours per month

Airline Transport Pilot: 75-100 flight hours and 150 ground hours per month

What Determines How Much a Pilot Works?

Federal regulations limiting the number of hours a pilot can fly. They also limit the minimum amount of rest between flights. These boundaries are a large determining factor of how many hours a pilot will spend flying and doing pre-and post-flight duties. The seniority a pilot has with his/her particular airline and the length of flights are also factors. 

Other professional pilot jobs require a commensurate amount of flight time worked. They also may require significantly more time on the ground servicing aircraft, flight planning, attending to customers, and other tasks. 

Seniority

A seniority number is assigned to a pilot generally based on the date of the pilot’s hire onto the airline. The higher a seniority number a pilot possesses, the more discretion they have when it comes to choosing their schedule. High seniority pilots typically have their pick of trip destinations, based location, aircraft type, and other perks associated with tenure at an airline. 

Flight Time Limitations 

The FAA limits the amount of hours a pilot can fly consecutively and also within a calendar week, month, and year. Ample rest times are also required between flights of certain lengths in order to remain compliant with FAA safety regulations. 

Long-Haul Flights vs Short-Haul Flights

A short-haul flight lasts 30 minutes to three hours, a mid-haul flight lasts three to six hours, a long-haul flight lasts six to 12 hours and an ultra-long-haul flight lasts 12-plus hours. The limitations of flight time impact the pilot depending upon the length of flights. For example, long-haul pilots work longer shifts, but they generally receive longer periods of time off between working days than short-haul pilots. 

Work Hours vs. Flying Hours

Although pilots are limited in the number of hours they can fly per week, they still must perform ground duties such as maintenance checks, studying weather reports, building flight plans, refueling, preflight inspections, postflight checks, and so forth. 

How Many Hours Can a Pilot Fly Consecutively

Pilots flying for Part 135 and 121 operators are limited by FAA regulations as to the number of hours they can fly within a day, month, and year. Other limitations exist for flight instructors, and for other commercial operations.

Daily

An airline transport pilot can fly up to eight hours per 24 hour period and up to 10 hours if a second pilot is aboard. Pilots are required to rest a minimum of 16 hours post-flight. Some variances to these regulations exist depending on the company’s operations specifications.

Monthly

The average airline pilot flies 75 hours per month, but pilots are allowed to fly up to 100 hours within 30 days. 

Yearly

The average airline pilot will fly 700 hours per year and are not to exceed 1,000 flight hours within a 12-month period. 

Types of Pilots and How Many Hours They Work

The number of flight hours a pilot works can also depend upon the type of pilot certificate held. Airline transport pilots, in general, tend to log more flight hours than the average pilot working in other types of flight departments, and than flight instructors. 

Commercial Pilot

A commercial pilot is generally responsible for checking the safety and security of the aircraft and its systems–including fuel levels and weight and balance–and the accuracy of the flight plan if it was generated by a third party. They are also responsible for communicating with air traffic control as they navigate the route of the flight responding to all changes in conditions. 

Hours: Commercial pilots of various types generally fly an average of 75 hours per month and work additional ground hours as compared to the average Airline Pilot.

Average Salary: The median annual salary for commercial pilots is $113,080.

Flight Instructor

Flight instructors train student pilots on how to operate an aircraft, understand flight principles, check safety features and flight instruments, and to take off and land the airplane safely. They also develop specific lesson plans and follow curricula for ground training courses when not logging flight hours. They may also train pilots on the ground using flight training devices or simulators.

Hours: The average flight instructor spends 80 hours per month, but can spend up to 100 hours in flight with another 100 hours of ground instruction per month. 

Average Salary: Glassdoor reports that the median annual salary for flight instructors is $137,000. This number is likely inaccurate and calculates hourly pay for a 40-hour work week. In reality, flight instructors are paid $27-50 per flight hour on average. At roughly 80 flight hours per month, this would put the median annual income at $37,000.

Airline Transport Pilot

An airline transport pilot works for an airline that transports passengers and cargo on a fixed schedule. Flight crews typically consist of a captain, who has the final authority for the flight as pilot in command, and a copilot or first officer. Some long-haul flights may require a second officer or flight engineer to monitor systems and relieve the other pilots. 

Hours: Airline transport pilots fly an average of 75 hours per month but can fly up to 100 hours in a 30-day period. Many will be away from home for consecutive days during trips with long-haul and/or overnight flights. 

Average Salary: The median annual salary for airline transport pilots is $219,140.

Pilot Job Outlook

Fluctuations in the aviation industry cause ebbs and flows in hiring trends, though the overall outlook is positive for pilot jobs. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a 4 percent increase in the number of commercial and airline transport pilots from 2022 to 2032. The average growth rate of all occupations in the U.S. is predicted at 3 percent, putting pilot jobs slightly above average. 

Pilots Work Hard, But Enjoy Perks 

The average pilot spends 225 hours per month between flight time and ground duties, however, they are afforded anywhere from 12 to 20 days off per month depending on seniority. The higher you climb in the ranks the more control you have of your schedule, flight routes, home base, salary, and days off per month.

Now that you have a much better understanding of how many hours pilots work, you can envision your path to becoming an airline transport pilot, a commercial pilot, or a flight instructor. Build seniority and reap the benefits, but be sure to stay informed every step of the way by subscribing to FLYING Magazine today! 

FAQ

What is a typical pilot schedule?

Professional pilots typically fly between 70 and 100 hours per month. Just as many hours, if not more, are spent on the ground performing required tasks related to flight. Most professional pilots have 12 to 20 days off per month, and their schedule changes monthly.

Do pilots have free time?

Yes, pilots have free time. Junior pilots have a minimum of 12 days off per month, whereas the average pilot gets 15 days off per month and a senior pilot can enjoy up to 20 days off per month.

Do pilots go home every night?

Flight instructors and pilots who fly short-haul domestic flights are able to be home every night more or less; however, airline pilots who fly longer routes are unable to go home every night and can be away from home for up to two weeks at a time.

Do pilots choose their hours?

Pilots choose a schedule based on the needs for them and their families and submit a request to the airline. Seniority determines a large part of the schedule granted, routes assigned, and days off awarded per month.

The post How Many Hours Do Pilots Work? appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

If possible, your first step should be to talk to experienced pilots in the field of aviation you wish to pursue or learn more about the intricacies of obtaining this type of license before attempting this process yourself.

How Does Obtaining a Helicopter Certificate Work? 

If you’re interested in obtaining your helicopter certificate, you can schedule a visit with a local flight training facility or start an online search to find a good flight instructor (CFI). Once you’ve scheduled an appointment with an instructor, the next step is to study. If you’re already a pilot, then it’s time to enroll in ground school and start studying the basics of flying helicopters.

Where Can You Get a Helicopter Pilot License?

If you’re seriously interested in pursuing a “license” to fly a helicopter, then it’s time to start studying the basics through at-home printed and online training materials and apps. The next step would be to enroll at your local flight instruction facility.

Although there are plenty of online resources that can help you learn more about this process, the best place to begin would be at your local flight training facility. This is where you will be able to both study and practice your new skills before scheduling an appointment with an FAA examiner. It will direct you toward the right materials to study that fit within their syllabus.

Is a Helicopter License Different Than a Pilot License?

An initial pilot certificate can be obtained in one of many aircraft categories and classes. Categories of aircraft include airplanes, rotorcraft, gliders, and several others. If a pilot has a private pilot license in an airplane single-engine land, for example, that specific rating only covers piloting fixed-wing aircraft in that same category and class. 

Helicopters are in the rotorcraft category, so a pilot who wishes to fly helicopters would need to complete training with a certified flight instructor and pass a practical test in an aircraft in the rotorcraft category in order to act as pilot in command (PIC) of a helicopter.

How Long Does it Take to Get a Helicopter Certificate?

It is difficult to give a definitive time frame for how long it will take you to get a helicopter certificate. There are a number of different factors that would determine this amount of time, including the number of flight hours you already have, the type of helicopter you’re interested in, and the extent of your training. On average, if you are flying part time, it takes roughly six months.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a Helicopter Certificate?

The cost of getting the “license” to fly a helicopter ranges widely depending on a variety of factors, but it is not uncommon for the cost to be in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. You will also need to consider the cost of equipment and any other expenses you may have while obtaining this certification.

What Can You Do With a Helicopter License?

A helicopter pilot certificate allows you to fly all helicopters depending on the type of operations you plan to fly, and the level of your certificate, whether it is a private or commercial certificate. These include private, corporate, and commercial operations. You will need a rotorcraft instrument rating in order to fly in low weather conditions. You will be able to fly in controlled airspace with any certificate level.

Special FAA Requirements for International Students

International student pilots need to complete a few additional tasks in order to qualify for an FAA pilot certificate. Applicants should be able to read, write, and understand English fluently, and have a valid international passport. They also will need to complete a TSA verification process. If you are an international student, your flight school will assist you with this TSA process and help you make sure you have everything you need to complete training.

Some countries may require additional or special information, so be sure to visit the FAA’s website for full details on international requirements.

How to Become a Helicopter Pilot in 7 Steps

Although it can seem intimidating, obtaining a helicopter certificate is not as complicated as some people think. With the right instructor and the proper amount of training, anybody can obtain a license to fly a helicopter within a reasonable amount of time.

Step 1: Meet Minimum Eligibility Requirements.

To obtain a helicopter license at the private pilot level, you must be at least 17 years old and log at least 40 hours of flight time including at least 20 hours of flight training from an FAA authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(3).

To obtain a helicopter certificate at the commercial pilot level, you must be at least 18 years old and must log at least 150 hours of flight time as a pilot consisting of at least: 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in helicopters 100 hours of PIC flight time, which includes at least 35 hours in helicopters and 10 hours conducting cross-country flight in helicopters.

Step 2: Obtain Medical and Student Pilot Certificates.

Before you can schedule an appointment with an examiner, you must obtain a current and valid FAA medical certificate. This will ensure that you are fit for operating the helicopter safely. You must also have a student pilot certificate to fly solo in advance of obtaining your private pilot certificate.

Step 3: Complete Ground School.

You are not able to earn a helicopter certificate without first completing a ground school course. This is where you will be able to learn about what it takes to successfully pass the FAA written test and prepare for your flight training experience.

Step 4: Log the Minimum Flight Time.

Once you are fully ready, you will be required to obtain a certain amount of flight time in helicopters before scheduling an appointment for your FAA written test, depending on the certificate level you pursue.

Step 5: Pass the Written Exam.

You will schedule your training hours with an instructor in order to prepare you to fly the helicopter. It is during this time that they will also prepare you for the written or knowledge exam, as well as familiarize you with all of the available maneuvers in the helicopter.

Step 6: Pass the Check Ride.

Once you have completed the training and acquired the necessary flight hours, it is time to schedule a check ride. At this point, you must be able to perform each maneuver required by the FAA examiner.

Step 7: Maintain Your Certification.

If you already have a private pilot certificate, you must maintain that certification by passing a flight review as required by the level of operation for which you are flying, which is generally every 24 calendar months for the private pilot level in Part 91 operations.

Begin Your Helicopter Pilot Journey 

After you have obtained the necessary training, there is no better time to obtain your helicopter license than now. With the certification, you will be able to fly any type of helicopter and earn a substantial salary for your work.

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FAQ

Where can I get my helicopter license?

If you are serious about obtaining your helicopter license, it’s time to start studying the basics of flying a helicopter. You will need to begin by enrolling at your local flight training facility.

Is getting a helicopter license hard?

Getting a helicopter license is a unique and exciting challenge. If you already have at least a private pilot license (PPL), a lot of the subject matter should already be familiar to you, but flying a helicopter is very different from flying a fixed-wing aircraft. There will likely be a learning curve whether you are new to aviation or not.

Are helicopter pilots in high demand?

Helicopter jobs are not as common as fixed-wing jobs, but there is still demand in many industries for a pilot with this specific rating. Medical evacuation, search and rescue, law enforcement, and media outlets all have need for helicopter pilots.

The post How to Get a Helicopter Pilot License appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Maybe you’re unsure if you can hold a medical or don’t want to make flying a career. The sport pilot license offers an accessible entry into aviation at a lower price point and without requiring a medical.

As with any other type of pilot license, ground school is a great way to prepare for sport pilot flight training, exams, and real-world flying. We’ve rounded up six of the best programs to support your training journey.

Quick Look: 6 Top Sport Pilot Certification Courses

• Sport pilot-specific curriculum: King Schools Sport Pilot Airplane Ground School & Test Prep
• All-in-one bundle: Pilots HQ: Gleim Sport Pilot Online Ground School
• Tech resources: Sporty’s Learn To Fly Course
• Bonus content and resources: Rod Machado’s 40-hour Private Pilot eLearning Ground School
• Free ground school: Fly8MA Basic Private Pilot Ground School
• Live instructor access: Pilot Institute Private Pilot Made Easy

Best Sport Pilot License Ground Schools

The sport pilot license (SPL) is a beginner-level certificate similar to the better-known private pilot license (PPL).

The main differences are that sport pilots have more flying restrictions and must fulfill fewer training requirements. While sport pilots don’t need as many flight hours as a PPL, the written and practical exams are very similar. Because of this, many flight schools don’t offer sport pilot ground school and only offer PPL programs.

Taking a PPL ground program to get a sport pilot license may sound strange, but it’s not a bad idea.

PPL knowledge goes above and beyond the requirements for sport pilots. As a sport pilot going through a PPL course, you’ll learn a little more than is required. But in aviation, no knowledge is wasted. The more aeronautical information you can absorb, the better off you’ll be as a pilot.

King Schools

King Schools is a household name in flight training. It’s also one of the only ground schools to offer a program just for sport pilots. Its ground school and test prep companion apps are convenient for offline study. It also offers unlimited practice tests, lifetime course access, and a 30-day money-back guarantee.

Best feature: Sport pilot-specific curriculum

Website: King Schools

Course length: Self-paced modules totaling 7.5 hours of content

Subscription access: Lifetime access and automatic updates

What you’ll learn:

• Airspace
• Weather
• Aircraft performance
• Navigation
• Flying maneuvers
• Check ride and test prep

Price: $299

Gleim Pilots HQ

Pilot’s HQ is an online retailer offering pilot and aircraft supplies, educational resources, apparel, and more. It has a bundle of Gleim products specifically for sport pilots, and it’s an incredible value.

For under $200, the bundle includes online ground school and test prep, a stack of textbooks, and flight planning tools. The Gleim ground school alone is valued at $160 when purchased independently.

This is the only ground school program on this list that includes physical resources. It’s a great buy for anyone on a tight training budget.

Best feature: All-in-one bundle

Website: Pilots HQ

Course length: Average of 35 hours to complete

Subscription access: 12-month access to the program, with extension that can be purchased for 50 percent of the original price if you need more time

What you’ll learn:

• Airports
• Airspace
• Federal aviation regulations
• Aeromedical factors and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
• Aviation weather
• Weather services
• Sectional charts and airspace
• Navigation and preflight preparation
• Airplanes and aerodynamics
• Airplane instruments
• Airplane engines and systems
• Airplane performance weight and balance

Price: $199

Sporty’s

The tech-savvy will most enjoy Sporty’s online ground school.

Its 3-D animations, interactive simulation exercises, and 15-plus hours of high-quality video make for a well-rounded ground school experience. Sporty’s has the most diverse compatibility options with learning apps for iOS, Android, Apple TV, and Roku. They also have a strong money-back guarantee—pass both your written exam and check ride or receive a full refund.

Although the course is called “Private Pilot Ground School,” it is noted in the  information that sport pilot topics are covered.

Best feature: Tech resources

Website: Sporty’s

Course length: Approximately 23 hours of material

Subscription access: Lifetime access and updates

What you’ll learn:

• Your first few hours
• Practicing landings
• Your first solo
• Dual cross countries
• Private Pilot Test
• Supplemental training (optional)
• Interactive scenarios (optional)

Price: $299

Rod Machado

Rod Machado is known for his entertaining and memorable teaching style.

The module titles listed below give insight into his punny and clever ways of making dense topics easier to understand. This is one of the longer courses on the list with more than 40 hours of video content.

Try the course for free through the demo module linked on the sales page.

Best feature: Bonus content and resources

Website: Rod Machado

Course length: 40 hours of video content

Subscription access: Lifetime access with automatic updates

What you’ll learn:

• Aerodynamics: The Wing Is the Thing
• Engines: Knowledge of Engines Ist Power
• Electrical Systems: Knowing What’s Watt
• Flight Instruments: Clocks, Tops, and Toys
• Federal Aviation Regulations: How FAR Can We Go?
• Airport Operations: No Doctor Needed
• Radio Operations: Aviation Spoken Here
• Airspace: The Wild Blue, Green, and Red Yonder
• Aviation Maps: The Art of the Chart
• Radio Navigation: The Frequency Flyer Program
• Understanding Weather: Looking for Friendly Skies
• Weather Charts and Briefings: PIREPS, Progs, and METARS
• Flight Planning: Getting There From Here
• Airplane Performance Charts: Know Before You Go
• Weight and Balance: Let’s Wait and Balance
• Pilot Potpourri: Neat Aeronautical Information

Price: $279

Fly8MA

While many ground schools offer a demo module or two, hardly any offer an entire program for free.

Fly8MA provides generous access to its basic private pilot ground school. If you’re just beginning to look for a ground school and are overwhelmed by the choices, start here.

This course can supplement training you’re already doing or serve as a solid first step. There’s always the option to upgrade to a more advanced course and get an endorsement to take the written exam when you’re ready.

Best feature: Free ground school

Website: Fly8MA

Course length: 20 modules with 93 topics

Subscription access: Lifetime access to the free course, with monthly subscriptions available to a larger library of training materials

What you’ll learn:

• Your first flight
• Traffic pattern
• Understanding wind and turns
• AOA and stalls
• Maneuvers and landings
• FARs
• Airspace
• Performance calculations
• VFR charts and navigation
• Aeromedical factors
• Flying at night
• Flight planning
• Test prep

Price: Basic Ground School is free with the option to upgrade for $149 to get an endorsement to take the written exam. Monthly subscriptions to a larger library of training materials start at $79 per month.

Pilot Institute

One thing that many online programs neglect is real-life interaction between instructors and students. Pilot Institute bridges the gap between prerecorded and live instruction.

Its students have access to virtual study groups and a community Facebook group. They can also receive instructor support by online chat, phone, or email. Study with classmates and ask questions as they come up instead of slogging through difficult material alone.

Best feature: Live instructor access and community support

Website: Pilot Institute

Course length: 35 hours of video

Subscription access: Lifetime access

What you’ll learn:

• Introduction to flight training
• Aerodynamics
• Performance and limitations
• Regulations
• Aeronautical decision making
• Weather theory
• Airport operations
• Radio communications
• Airspace
• Charts
• Navigation

Price: $225

What Is a Sport Pilot License?

A sport pilot license is an entry-level type of pilot certificate. It is less expensive and has fewer training requirements than a private pilot license. It also has tighter limitations.

A sport pilot can only fly during the daytime and may only carry one passenger. They are also restricted to flying smaller aircraft and must fly below 10,000 feet MSL.

Sport pilots fly light sport aircraft (LSA), which are very small and lightweight. The typical LSA has no more than two seats and a maximum takeoff weight of 1,320 pounds.

Sport pilots may also be endorsed to fly other categories and classes of light aircraft, such as gliders and balloons.

FAA Sport Pilot License Requirements

Training requirements for sport pilots are much lower and more lenient than with other types of pilot licenses. Only 20 total flight hours are required to qualify for a sport pilot certificate.

Fifteen hours must be with a flight instructor, and five must be solo. Sport pilots can also legally fly without a medical certificate as long as they hold a valid U.S. driver’s license.

Get Your Sport Airplane License Training Off the Ground

A sport pilot certificate is an underrated entry point into the exciting world of aviation.

It’s typically much more affordable and accessible than a standard private pilot license. If you’ve ever thought flying was too expensive or otherwise out of reach, a sport pilot certificate may be your solution.

When choosing a ground school program, don’t overthink it. Getting hung up on this decision can hold you back from your ultimate goal—learning how to fly.

There are many incredible programs on the market. The best way forward is to choose one and dedicate time to completing it. Focus, study hard, and be excited to apply that knowledge to your new role as a licensed pilot.

FAQ

How much does a sport pilot license cost?

Light sport aircraft are usually cheaper to rent and more fuel-efficient than other training aircraft, and sport pilots only need to log 20 hours of training. Because of this, the average sport pilot license costs between $4,000-$6,000.

Is a sport pilot license worth it?

A sport pilot license is a great way to start your piloting journey, especially if you can’t qualify for a medical or just want to fly for fun. It’s much more affordable than other types of pilot certificates, and training takes less time to accomplish.

What can I fly with a sport pilot license?

Sport pilots usually train in light sport aircraft but can be endorsed to fly other light aircraft like gliders and balloons.

The post Best Sport Pilot License Ground Schools appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

If you’re looking to charter a flight, it’s important to compare estimates from at least a few private jet providers. While some offer all-inclusive quotes meant to cover each expense under one price, others itemize theirs so you can see what you’re paying for. 

Neither approach necessarily accounts for every charge, making it even more important to know what to look for. Keep reading to learn about 11 expenses that are sometimes not included in estimates for private jet charters.

Why Charter a Private Jet?

One of the biggest benefits of chartering a private flight is flexibility. While commercial carriers operate on strict schedules and routes, private charters fly virtually whenever and wherever the traveler chooses.

There also is, of course, the element of privacy. High-profile celebrities and politicians may prefer a private charter over the complications of using public transit. Sports teams, film crews, or corporate officers may need to travel together to a specific destination. Some charter companies, such as Trilogy Aviation Group, specialize in corporate charters. 

Even if there’s no need to avoid the public eye, flying privately is comfortable and convenient for many individuals and groups.

What Factors into the Cost of a Charter Flight?

Chartering an airplane goes beyond just renting the aircraft. The price of a charter typically encompasses all of the operational costs required to make the flight happen. These basic expenses include crew salaries, fuel, and airport fees, among others.

Additional charges may be in the form of optional upgrades, extra services, or trip-specific costs. Many charter companies, for instance NetJets, offer membership packages that help make pricing more predictable.

What Is the Standard Price for a Private Jet Rental?

Aircraft charters are usually priced by the flight hour. The longer the flight, the more expensive it will be. Cost also varies with the type of airplane being chartered. Some jets burn more fuel or require more expensive maintenance than others. 

Without factoring in any variables, a private jet charter can cost anywhere from $1,500 to $15,000 per hour.

Additional Costs That Are Often Overlooked

After the base rate for the aircraft, other fees come from the unique circumstances of the flight. Flying at unusual hours, during holidays, or internationally will likely make the flight more expensive. Some charter companies also offer à la carte onboard and ground services. 

The point is, many variables can drive up the price of charter jet services above providers’ estimates. Here are 11 of the most common charter fees and costs you may not have considered:

Fuel Surcharges

While a base rate for fuel is likely factored into the hourly cost, fuel prices fluctuate. Initial quotes for a private charter flight only include a fuel estimate, not the actual price. A light or midsize jet may burn 80 to 300 gallons of fuel per hour, depending on the type of airplane.

Landing and Ramp Fees

Many airports charge a fee to land or park an airplane. A parking fee is also known as a ramp fee. Some airports waive one or both of them if a certain amount of fuel is purchased. Each airport sets its own rules and prices, so costs vary by destination.

Overnight Fees

If an aircraft needs to park overnight, expect additional charges from both the airport and flight crew. Pilots and other required staff are compensated for time away from home, not just the flight time.

Repositioning

Repositioning happens when an airplane is scheduled to fly out of a different airport than its original location. 

Let’s say an aircraft is based in Dallas but is booked for a flight out of Nashville, Tennessee. The client may need to pay for the empty airplane’s travel to Nashville. These fees also apply when a client wants to depart from a different airport than the arrival destination.

Trilogy Aviation Group uses these repositioning flights as a chance to offer much lower fares. With Trilogy, clients can book an “empty leg” charter flight and save up to 75 percent compared to normal charter rates. If your desired itinerary happens to line up with a repositioning flight, it’s a great opportunity to cut some major costs.

Deicing

In colder climates aircraft deicing services may be necessary, particularly in the winter. This entails applying de-icing fluid to an aircraft, which removes and prevents ice formation.

Planes can’t fly safely with ice on their wings, so associated fees are non-negotiable. 

Catering

Plan for a catering fee to cover the costs of special food, drink, and service requests. You may be asked to submit meal orders in advance, which will give you a better idea of what to expect on your invoice. 

Some private airplane charters take special meal requests, facilitated by a flight attendant who buys ingredients beforehand, then prepares and serves the food in-flight.

Ground Transportation

A rental car or transportation service can be arranged in advance to meet an airplane on the ground when it lands. Many private charter companies will coordinate this on clients’ behalf for an additional fee.

International Travel Fees

International flying comes with extra costs and paperwork. The pilots will typically handle the necessary forms for the trip, but the expense is passed on to the charter client. Expect international fees to apply whenever a flight crosses a national border.

Peak Travel Surcharges

If your trip takes place on or near a major holiday, there could likely be peak travel charges. Airports are busier, pilots are receiving holiday pay, and flights are in high demand. These factors could all increase the price of the jet charter.

Trip Cancellation

Just like with many types of services, cancellation fees may be incurred. Typically the closer you are to the scheduled flight time, the higher the cost. Read each provider’s cancellation policy before booking to understand how the fee may be applied.

Membership

Paying a membership fee to a private charter company can be a great option for those planning to fly private multiple times a year.

Memberships also can be a great way to get more predictable pricing on private charters. They often include a set number of flight hours at a flat annual rate.

If a membership isn’t being fully used, however, it could become an additional expense that makes private flying more expensive in the long run.

How to Accurately Compare Private Jet Charter Costs

With so many potential extra fees, the best way to compare costs is to get multiple detailed estimates. 

Most charter companies have web pages where you can submit quote request forms. When completing them, provide as much information about your trip as possible. The more detail provided, the more accurate your quote will be. If the response feels incomplete or unclear, you can always ask for an itemized estimate.

You can also look for online cost comparison tools to get a better idea of what your private jet charter will cost.

Educate Yourself Before Making a Decision

When booking a private jet charter, remember that many factors can play into the total cost of the flight. If your travel plans are clear and you know what amenities you’ll need, obtaining an accurate quote will be easy. 

Keep these cost-driving variables in mind, and ask charter companies for more details if you aren’t sure about anything. They’ll be happy to outline your options and provide clear expectations for your private charter flight.

FAQ

What is the average cost of a private jet charter?

Many factors go into determining the cost of a private jet charter. The average cost is around $10,000 per hour but may vary significantly depending on the circumstances.

Is it cheaper to fly in a private jet?

It is not usually cheaper to fly on a private jet than it is to fly on a commercial carrier.

Is it worth it to charter a private jet?

For an individual or group requiring privacy or a specific travel itinerary, a private jet charter may be worth the cost.

The post What Are the Hidden Costs of Private Jet Charters? appeared first on FLYING Magazine.